Effect of Linezolid on clinical severity and pulmonary cytokines in a murine model of Influenza A and Staphylococcus aureus coinfection.

Liu X, He Y, Xiao K, White JR, Fusco DN, Papanicolaou GA
Journal   PLoS One
Species  
Analytes Measured   IL-10 , IL-12 p70 , IL-6
Matrix Tested   Lung homogenates
Year   2013
Volume   8
Page Numbers   57483
Application   Cytokines and Chemokines
Abstract
Excessive inflammation contributes to the severity of post influenza pneumonia caused by methicillin resistant (MRSA). Linezolid, vancomycin, and clindamycin are antibiotics used for MRSA infections. Linezolid has immunomodulatory properties. We report on the effects of the three antibiotics on microbial clearance, pulmonary cytokines and clinical course in a murine model of influenza and MRSA coinfection.

METHODS: B6 mice were infected with influenza A virus and 3 days later with MRSA, both intranasally. Treatment with placebo, linezolid, vancomycin or clindamycin started immediately after MRSA infection and continued for 72 hours. Bacterial and viral titers as well as cytokine concentrations in the lungs were assessed 4 and 24 hours after MRSA coinfection. Mice were weighted daily for 13 days.

RESULTS: Coinfected mice had increased pulmonary IL-1β, TNF-α and mKC at 4 and 24 hours, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 at 4 hours and IFN-γ at 24 hours after MRSA coinfection (all P<0.05). Compared to placebo, coinfected mice treated with linezolid, vancomycin or clindamycin had decreased pulmonary IL-6 and mKC at 4 hours and IFN-γ at 24 hours after MRSA coinfection (all P<0.05). IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-12 were similar in antibiotic-treated and placebo groups. All antibiotics similarly reduced MRSA without effect on influenza titers. Linezolid-treated mice had less weight loss on days 4-6 after influenza infection compared to placebo (all P<0.05). On all other days weight change was similar among all groups.

CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report comparing the effects of antibiotics on cytokines and clinical outcome in a murine model of influenza and MRSA coinfection. Compared to placebo, antibiotic treatment reduced maximum concentration of IL-6, mKC and IFN-γ in the lungs without any difference among antibiotics. During treatment, only linezolid delayed weight loss compared to placebo.

View Publications

Related Products

U-PLEX Long COVID Combo 1 (human)
IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-6, Pentraxin 3 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX CAR-T Cell Safety Combo 1 (human)
GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX TBI Combo 1 (human)
CD40L (soluble), Fractalkine, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, MCP-1, RANKL/TNFSF11, TNF-α, VEGF-D | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Oncolysis Combo 1 (human)
CTLA-4, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IL-1β, IL-2Rα, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, LAG3, MIP-1α, PD1 (epitope 1), TIGIT | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Macrophage M1 Combo 1 (mouse)
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-23, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Biomarker Group 1 (mouse) 384-well Assays
Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-12p70 384-Well Assay
IL-12p70 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-10 384-Well Assay
IL-10 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-6 384-Well Assay
IL-6 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-12p70 384-Well Assay
IL-12p70 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-10 384-Well Assay
IL-10 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-6 384-Well Assay
IL-6 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (mouse) 384-well Assays
BAFF, BCA-1/BLC, BDNF, CD40/TNFRSF5, C-Peptide, Eotaxin, EPO, FGF-21, Ghrelin (active), Ghrelin (total), GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, GM-CSF, IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27p28/IL-30, IL-31, IL-33, Insulin, IP-10, KC/GRO, Leptin, MCP-1, MCP-5/CCL12, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-2, MIP-3α, MMP-9 (total), PYY (total), RANTES, TARC, TNF-α, VEGF-A | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Biomarker Group 1 (NHP) 384-well Assays
CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, FLT3L, Fractalkine, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-22, IL-23, IP-10, I-TAC, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-5, SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, VEGF-A, YKL-40 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
U-PLEX Human IL-12p70 384-Well Assay
IL-12p70 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-10 384-Well Assay
IL-10 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-6 384-Well Assay
IL-6 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Custom Biomarker Group 1 (human) 384-well Assays
CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FLT3L, Fractalkine, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, IP-10, I-TAC, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-5, SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (human) 384-well Assays
BAFF, BDNF, β-NGF, C-Peptide, CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FGF-21, FGF-23, FLT3L, Fractalkine, FSH, G-CSF, Ghrelin (active), Ghrelin (total), GIP (active), GIP (inactive), GIP (total), GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, Insulin, IP-10, Leptin, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-5, PP, Proinsulin, PYY (total), SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 | Human
Multiplex
S-PLEX Proinflammatory Panel 1 (human) Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Macrophage M2 Combo 1 (mouse)
IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, MDC, TARC | Mouse
Multiplex
S-PLEX NHP IL-6 Kit
IL-6 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
S-PLEX Human IL-12p70 Kit
IL-12p70 | Human
Singleplex
S-PLEX Human IL-10 Kit
IL-10 | Human
Singleplex
S-PLEX Human IL-6 Kit
IL-6 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Macrophage M2 Combo 1 (human)
Eotaxin-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, M-CSF, MDC, TARC | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Macrophage M1 Combo 1 (human)
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-18, IL-23, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 3 NHP Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 3 Human Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 3 NHP Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 3 Human Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Viral Combo 1 (NHP)
G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-α2a, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α, VEGF-A | Non-human primate
Multiplex
U-PLEX Viral Combo 1 (human)
G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α, VEGF-A | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 2 Human Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 1 NHP Kit
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 1 Human Kit
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 2 NHP Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 2 Human Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 1 NHP Kit
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 1 Human Kit
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 2 NHP Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
U-PLEX Human IL-6 Assay
IL-6 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-12p70 Assay
IL-12p70 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-10 Assay
IL-10 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-12p70 Assay
IL-12p70 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-10 Assay
IL-10 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-6 Assay
IL-6 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-6 Assay
IL-6 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-12p70 Assay
IL-12p70 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-10 Assay
IL-10 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
R-PLEX Rat IL-10 Assay
IL-10 | Rat
Singleplex
R-PLEX Rat IL-6 Assay
IL-6 | Rat
Singleplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (mouse) Assays
Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Adipokine Combo 1 (mouse)
BDNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, Insulin, Leptin, MCP-1, TNF-α | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Metabolic Hormones Combo 1 (mouse)
C-Peptide, Ghrelin (active), GLP-1 (active), Glucagon, IL-6, Insulin, Leptin, MCP-1, PYY (total), TNF-α | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (human) Assays
BAFF, BDNF, β-NGF, C-Peptide, CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FGF-21, FGF-23, FLT3L, Fractalkine, FSH, G-CSF, Ghrelin (active), Ghrelin (total), GIP (active), GIP (inactive), GIP (total), GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, Insulin, IP-10, Leptin, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-5, PP, Proinsulin, PYY (total), SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Adipokine Combo 1 (human)
BDNF, β-NGF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, Insulin, Leptin, MCP-1, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
R-PLEX Rat IL-10 Antibody Set
IL-10 | Rat
R-PLEX Rat IL-6 Antibody Set
IL-6 | Rat
V-PLEX Mouse Cytokine 19-Plex Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-17A/F, IL-27p28/IL-30, IL-33, IP-10, KC/GRO, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-2, TNF-α | Mouse
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Mouse Cytokine 19-Plex Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-17A/F, IL-27p28/IL-30, IL-33, IP-10, KC/GRO, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-2, TNF-α | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX T-Cell Combo (NHP)
GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, MIP-3α, TNF-α | Non-human primate
Multiplex
U-PLEX T-Cell Combo (mouse)
GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, MIP-3α, TNF-α | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX T-Cell Combo (human)
GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, MIP-3α, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX TH17 Combo 2 (mouse)
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-17C, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, TNF-α | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-12p70 Antibody Set
IL-12p70 | Non-human primate
U-PLEX TH17 Combo 1 (NHP)
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-α | Non-human primate
Multiplex
U-PLEX TH1/TH2 Combo (NHP)
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF-α | Non-human primate
Multiplex
U-PLEX TH17 Combo 2 (human)
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Human IL-10 Antibody Set
IL-10 | Human
U-PLEX Human IL-6 Antibody Set
IL-6 | Human
U-PLEX Human IL-12p70 Antibody Set
IL-12p70 | Human
U-PLEX Mouse IL-10 Antibody Set
IL-10 | Mouse
U-PLEX Mouse IL-6 Antibody Set
IL-6 | Mouse
U-PLEX Mouse IL-12p70 Antibody Set
IL-12p70 | Mouse
U-PLEX Proinflam Combo 2 (human)
GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Proinflam Combo 1 (human)
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX TH1/TH2 Combo (mouse)
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, KC/GRO, TNF-α | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX TH1/TH2 Combo (human)
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Proinflam Combo 4 (human)
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Proinflam Combo 3 (human)
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Biomarker Group 1 (NHP) Assays
CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, FLT3L, Fractalkine, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-22, IL-23, IP-10, I-TAC, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-5, SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, VEGF-A, YKL-40 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Biomarker Group 1 (human) Assays
CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FLT3L, Fractalkine, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, IP-10, I-TAC, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-5, SDF-1α, TARC, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Proinflam Combo 1 (NHP)
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, TNF-α | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Proinflammatory Panel 2 Rat Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, KC/GRO, TNF-α | Rat
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Proinflammatory Panel 2 Rat Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, KC/GRO, TNF-α | Rat
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Human Biomarker 39-Plex Kit
CRP, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, FGF (basic), GM-CSF, ICAM-1, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, PlGF, SAA, TARC, Tie-2, TNF-α, TNF-β, VCAM-1, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-1/Flt-1 | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Human Biomarker 39-Plex Kit
CRP, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, FGF (basic), GM-CSF, ICAM-1, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, PlGF, SAA, TARC, Tie-2, TNF-α, TNF-β, VCAM-1, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-1/Flt-1 | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Neuroinflammation Panel 1 Human Kit
CRP, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, FGF (basic), ICAM-1, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, PlGF, SAA, TARC, Tie-2, TNF-α, TNF-β, VCAM-1, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-1/Flt-1 | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Neuroinflammation Panel 1 Human Kit
CRP, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, FGF (basic), ICAM-1, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, PlGF, SAA, TARC, Tie-2, TNF-α, TNF-β, VCAM-1, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-1/Flt-1 | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus NHP Cytokine 24-Plex Kit
Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TARC, TNF-β, VEGF-A | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX NHP Cytokine 24-Plex Kit
Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TARC, TNF-β, VEGF-A | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus NHP IL-6 Kit
IL-6 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
V-PLEX NHP IL-6 Kit
IL-6 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
V-PLEX Plus NHP IL-10 Kit
IL-10 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
V-PLEX NHP IL-10 Kit
IL-10 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
V-PLEX Proinflammatory Panel 1 NHP Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Proinflammatory Panel 1 NHP Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
Mouse IL-12p70 Antibody
IL-12p70
Human IL-6 Antibody Bulk Product
IL-6
Product Search
Browse Our Products

By Analytes
By Applications
Search
Customer Service/Orders


Scientific/Technical Support


Instrument Support


Company Headquarters