Transcriptional responses in the adaptation to ischaemia-reperfusion injury: a study of the effect of ischaemic preconditioning in total knee arthroplasty patients.

Murphy, T., Walsh, P.M., Doran, P.P., Mulhall, K.J.
Journal   J Transl Med.
Species  
Analytes Measured   GM-CSF , IL-10 , IL-12 p70 , IL-2 , IL-6 , IL-8
Matrix Tested   Serum
Year   2010
Volume   8
Page Numbers  
Application   Cytokines and Chemokines
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) has emerged as a method of reducing ischaemia-reperfusion injury. However, the complex mechanism through which IPC elicits this protection is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the genomic response induced by IPC in muscle biopsies taken from the operative leg of total knee arthroplasty patients in order to gain insight into the IPC mechanism.

METHODS: Twenty patients, undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty, were randomly assigned to IPC (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups. Patients in the IPC group received ischaemic preconditioning immediately prior to surgery. IPC was induced by three five-minute cycles of tourniquet insufflation interrupted by five-minute cycles of reperfusion. A muscle biopsy was taken from the operative knee of control and IPC-treated patients at the onset of surgery and, again, at one hour into surgery. The gene expression profile of muscle biopsies was determined using the Affymetrix Human U113 2.0 microarray system and validated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Measurements of C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR), white cell count (WCC), cytokines and haemoglobin were also made pre- and post-operatively.

RESULTS: Microarray analysis revealed a significant increase in the expression of important oxidative stress defence genes, immediate early response genes and mitochondrial genes. Upregulation of pro-survival genes was also observed and correlated with a downregulation of pro-apoptotic gene expression. CRP, ESR, WCC, cytokine and haemoglobin levels were not significantly different between control and IPC patients.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that IPC of the lower limb in total knee arthroplasty patients induces a protective genomic response, which results in increased expression of immediate early response genes, oxidative stress defence genes and pro-survival genes. These findings indicate that ischaemic preconditioning may be of potential benefit in knee arthroplasty and other musculoskeletal conditions.

View Publications

Related Products

U-PLEX CAR-T Cell Safety Combo 1 (human)
GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX TBI Combo 1 (human)
CD40L (soluble), Fractalkine, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, MCP-1, RANKL/TNFSF11, TNF-α, VEGF-D | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX CAR-T Cell Combo 2 (human)
GM-CSF, Granzyme A, Granzyme B, IFN-γ, IL-2, Perforin, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Long COVID Combo 1 (human)
IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-6, Pentraxin 3 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Oncolysis Combo 1 (human)
CTLA-4, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IL-1β, IL-2Rα, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, LAG3, MIP-1α, PD1 (epitope 1), TIGIT | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Macrophage M1 Combo 1 (mouse)
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-23, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Biomarker Group 1 (mouse) 384-well Assays
Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (mouse) 384-well Assays
Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Biomarker Group 1 (NHP) 384-well Assays
Non-human primate
Multiplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-12p70 384-Well Assay
IL-12p70 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-10 384-Well Assay
IL-10 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-6 384-Well Assay
IL-6 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-2 384-Well Assay
IL-2 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse GM-CSF 384-Well Assay
GM-CSF | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-12p70 384-Well Assay
IL-12p70 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-10 384-Well Assay
IL-10 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-8 384-Well Assay
IL-8 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-6 384-Well Assay
IL-6 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-2 384-Well Assay
IL-2 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP GM-CSF 384-Well Assay
GM-CSF | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (human) 384-well Assays
BAFF, BDNF, β-NGF, C-Peptide, CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FGF-21, FGF-23, FLT3L, Fractalkine, FSH, G-CSF, Ghrelin (active), Ghrelin (total), GIP (active), GIP (inactive), GIP (total), GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, Insulin, IP-10, Leptin, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-5, PP, Proinsulin, PYY (total), SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Biomarker Group 1 (human) 384-well Assays
CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FLT3L, Fractalkine, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, IP-10, I-TAC, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-5, SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Human IL-8 384-Well Assay
IL-8 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-6 384-Well Assay
IL-6 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-2 384-Well Assay
IL-2 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human GM-CSF 384-Well Assay
GM-CSF | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-12p70 384-Well Assay
IL-12p70 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-10 384-Well Assay
IL-10 | Human
Singleplex
S-PLEX Proinflammatory Panel 1 (human) Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Macrophage M2 Combo 1 (mouse)
IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, MDC, TARC | Mouse
Multiplex
S-PLEX NHP IL-6 Kit
IL-6 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
S-PLEX NHP IL-2 Kit
IL-2 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
S-PLEX Human GM-CSF Kit
GM-CSF | Human
Singleplex
S-PLEX Human IL-10 Kit
IL-10 | Human
Singleplex
S-PLEX Human IL-6 Kit
IL-6 | Human
Singleplex
S-PLEX Human IL-2 Kit
IL-2 | Human
Singleplex
S-PLEX Human IL-12p70 Kit
IL-12p70 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Immuno-Oncology Group 1 (human) Assays
APRIL/TNFSF13, BAFF-R/TNFRSF13C, BCMA/TNFRSF17, CD20, CD27, CD28, CD40L (soluble), CD276/B7-H3, CTACK, CTLA-4, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, E-Selectin, FGF (basic), FLT3L, Fractalkine, Galectin-9, G-CSF, GITR/TNFRSF18, GITRL/TNFSF18, GM-CSF, gp130 (soluble), Granzyme A, Granzyme B, GRO-α, HAVCR2/TIM-3, HVEM/TNFRSF14, I-309, ICOS-L/B7-H2, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, IP-10, I-TAC, LAG3, LIGHT/TNFSF14, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIG, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-5, MMP-1, MMP-7, MMP-9 (total), Nectin-4, OX40/TNFRSF4, PD1 (epitope 1), PD1 (epitope 2), PD-L1 (epitope 1), PD-L1 (epitope 2), PD-L2, Pentraxin 3, Perforin, PlGF, proMMP-9, P-Selectin, RAGE (soluble), RANKL/TNFSF11, RANTES, S100A12, Tie-2, TIGIT, TLR1, TNF-α, TNF-β, TNF-RI, TNF-RII, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, VEGF-D, VEGFR-1/Flt-1, YKL-40 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX CAR-T Cell Combo 1 (human)
GM-CSF, Granzyme A, Granzyme B, IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Macrophage M2 Combo 1 (human)
Eotaxin-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, M-CSF, MDC, TARC | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Macrophage M1 Combo 1 (human)
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-18, IL-23, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 3 NHP Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 3 Human Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 3 Human Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 3 NHP Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 2 NHP Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 2 Human Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 1 NHP Kit
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 1 Human Kit
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 2 NHP Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 2 Human Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 1 NHP Kit
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 1 Human Kit
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Viral Combo 1 (NHP)
G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-α2a, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α, VEGF-A | Non-human primate
Multiplex
U-PLEX Viral Combo 1 (human)
G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α, VEGF-A | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-12p70 Assay
IL-12p70 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-10 Assay
IL-10 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-6 Assay
IL-6 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-2 Assay
IL-2 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse GM-CSF Assay
GM-CSF | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-12p70 Assay
IL-12p70 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-10 Assay
IL-10 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-8 Assay
IL-8 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-6 Assay
IL-6 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-2 Assay
IL-2 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP GM-CSF Assay
GM-CSF | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-8 Assay
IL-8 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-6 Assay
IL-6 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-2 Assay
IL-2 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-12p70 Assay
IL-12p70 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-10 Assay
IL-10 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human GM-CSF Assay
GM-CSF | Human
Singleplex
R-PLEX Rat IL-10 Assay
IL-10 | Rat
Singleplex
R-PLEX Rat IL-6 Assay
IL-6 | Rat
Singleplex
R-PLEX Rat IL-2 Assay
IL-2 | Rat
Singleplex
R-PLEX Rat GM-CSF Assay
GM-CSF | Rat
Singleplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (mouse) Assays
Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Metabolic Hormones Combo 1 (mouse)
C-Peptide, Ghrelin (active), GLP-1 (active), Glucagon, IL-6, Insulin, Leptin, MCP-1, PYY (total), TNF-α | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Adipokine Combo 1 (mouse)
BDNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, Insulin, Leptin, MCP-1, TNF-α | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (human) Assays
BAFF, BDNF, β-NGF, C-Peptide, CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FGF-21, FGF-23, FLT3L, Fractalkine, FSH, G-CSF, Ghrelin (active), Ghrelin (total), GIP (active), GIP (inactive), GIP (total), GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, Insulin, IP-10, Leptin, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-5, PP, Proinsulin, PYY (total), SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Adipokine Combo 1 (human)
BDNF, β-NGF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, Insulin, Leptin, MCP-1, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
R-PLEX Rat IL-10 Antibody Set
IL-10 | Rat
R-PLEX Rat IL-6 Antibody Set
IL-6 | Rat
R-PLEX Rat IL-2 Antibody Set
IL-2 | Rat
R-PLEX Rat GM-CSF Antibody Set
GM-CSF | Rat
V-PLEX Plus Mouse Cytokine 19-Plex Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-17A/F, IL-27p28/IL-30, IL-33, IP-10, KC/GRO, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-2, TNF-α | Mouse
Multiplex
V-PLEX Mouse Cytokine 19-Plex Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-17A/F, IL-27p28/IL-30, IL-33, IP-10, KC/GRO, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-2, TNF-α | Mouse
Multiplex
V-PLEX Human Cytokine 43-Plex Kit
Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-31, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TSLP, VEGF-A | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Human Biomarker 53-Plex Kit
CRP, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, FGF (basic), GM-CSF, ICAM-1, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-31, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, PlGF, SAA, TARC, Tie-2, TNF-α, TNF-β, TSLP, VCAM-1, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-1/Flt-1 | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Human Cytokine 35-Plex Kit
Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-31, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, VEGF-A | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Human Biomarker 45-Plex Kit
CRP, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, FGF (basic), GM-CSF, ICAM-1, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-31, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, PlGF, SAA, TARC, Tie-2, TNF-α, TNF-β, VCAM-1, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-1/Flt-1 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX T-Cell Combo (NHP)
GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, MIP-3α, TNF-α | Non-human primate
Multiplex
U-PLEX T-Cell Combo (mouse)
GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, MIP-3α, TNF-α | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX T-Cell Combo (human)
GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, MIP-3α, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX TH17 Combo 2 (mouse)
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-17C, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, TNF-α | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-12p70 Antibody Set
IL-12p70 | Non-human primate
U-PLEX TH17 Combo 2 (human)
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX TH17 Combo 1 (NHP)
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-α | Non-human primate
Multiplex
U-PLEX TH1/TH2 Combo (NHP)
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF-α | Non-human primate
Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Biomarker Group 1 (human) Assays
CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FLT3L, Fractalkine, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, IP-10, I-TAC, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-5, SDF-1α, TARC, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 | Human
Multiplex
Product Search
Browse Our Products

By Analytes
By Applications
Search
Customer Service/Orders


Scientific/Technical Support


Instrument Support


Company Headquarters