Endobiont viruses sensed by the human host – Beyond conventional antiparasitic therapy.

Fichorova RN, Lee Y, Yamamoto HS, Takagi Y, Hayes GR, Goodman RP, Chepa-Lotrea X, Buck OR, Murray R, Kula T, Beach DH, Singh BN, Nibert ML.
Journal   PLoS One
Species  
Analytes Measured   ICAM-1 , IL-6 , IL-8 , RANTES
Matrix Tested   Cell culture supernatants
Year   2012
Volume   7
Page Numbers   48418
Application   Cytokines and Chemokines
Abstract
Wide-spread protozoan parasites carry endosymbiotic dsRNA viruses with uncharted implications to the human host. Among them, Trichomonas vaginalis, a parasite adapted to the human genitourinary tract, infects globally ~250 million each year rendering them more susceptible to devastating pregnancy complications (especially preterm birth), HIV infection and HPV-related cancer. While first-line antibiotic treatment (metronidazole) commonly kills the protozoan pathogen, it fails to improve reproductive outcome. We show that endosymbiotic Trichomonasvirus, highly prevalent in T. vaginalis clinical isolates, is sensed by the human epithelial cells via Toll-like receptor 3, triggering Interferon Regulating Factor -3, interferon type I and proinflammatory cascades previously implicated in preterm birth and HIV-1 susceptibility. Metronidazole treatment amplified these proinflammatory responses. Thus, a new paradigm targeting the protozoan viruses along with the protozoan host may prevent trichomoniasis-attributable inflammatory sequelae.

View Publications

Related Products

U-PLEX CAR-T Cell Safety Combo 1 (human)
GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
R-PLEX Mouse ICAM-1 Assay
ICAM-1 | Mouse
Singleplex
R-PLEX Mouse ICAM-1 Antibody Set
ICAM-1 | Mouse
U-PLEX TBI Combo 1 (human)
CD40L (soluble), Fractalkine, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, MCP-1, RANKL/TNFSF11, TNF-α, VEGF-D | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Human RANTES Antibody Set
RANTES | Human
U-PLEX Human RANTES Assay
RANTES | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human RANTES 384-well Assay
RANTES | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Long COVID Combo 1 (human)
IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-6, Pentraxin 3 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Oncolysis Combo 1 (human)
CTLA-4, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IL-1β, IL-2Rα, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, LAG3, MIP-1α, PD1 (epitope 1), TIGIT | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Immuno-Oncology Group 1 (human) 131-Plex
APRIL/TNFSF13, BAFF-R/TNFRSF13C, BCMA/TNFRSF17, CD20, CD27, CD28, CD40L (soluble), CD276/B7-H3, C-Peptide, CTACK, CTLA-4, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, E-Selectin, FGF (basic), FGF-23, FLT3L, Fractalkine, FSH, Galectin-9, G-CSF, Ghrelin (active), GIP (active), GIP (inactive), GITR/TNFRSF18, GITRL/TNFSF18, GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GM-CSF, gp130 (soluble), Granzyme A, Granzyme B, GRO-α, HAVCR2/TIM-3, HVEM/TNFRSF14, I-309, ICOS, ICOS-L/B7-H2, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, Insulin, IP-10, I-TAC, LAG3, Leptin, LIGHT/TNFSF14, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIG, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-5, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9 (total), Nectin-4, OX40/TNFRSF4, PD1 (epitope 1), PD1 (epitope 2), PD-L1 (epitope 1), PD-L1 (epitope 2), PD-L2, Pentraxin 3, Perforin, PlGF, PP, Proinsulin, proMMP-9, P-Selectin, PYY (total), RAGE (soluble), RANKL/TNFSF11, RANTES, S100A12, Tie-2, TIGIT, TLR1, TNF-α, TNF-β, TNF-RI, TNF-RII, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, VEGF-D, VEGFR-1/Flt-1, YKL-40 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Macrophage M1 Combo 1 (mouse)
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-23, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Biomarker Group 1 (mouse) 384-well Assays
Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (mouse) 384-well Assays
Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Biomarker Group 1 (NHP) 384-well Assays
Non-human primate
Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Biomarker Group 3 (human) 384-well Assays
Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-6 384-Well Assay
IL-6 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse RANTES 384-Well Assay
RANTES | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-8 384-Well Assay
IL-8 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-6 384-Well Assay
IL-6 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human ICAM-1 384-Well Assay
ICAM-1 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (human) 384-well Assays
BAFF, BDNF, β-NGF, C-Peptide, CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FGF-21, FGF-23, FLT3L, Fractalkine, FSH, G-CSF, Ghrelin (active), Ghrelin (total), GIP (active), GIP (inactive), GIP (total), GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, Insulin, IP-10, Leptin, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-5, PP, Proinsulin, PYY (total), SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Biomarker Group 1 (human) 384-well Assays
CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FLT3L, Fractalkine, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, IP-10, I-TAC, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-5, SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Human IL-8 384-Well Assay
IL-8 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-6 384-Well Assay
IL-6 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Custom Biomarker Group 3 (human) Assays
Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Human ICAM-1 Antibody Set
ICAM-1 | Human
U-PLEX Vascular Injury Combo 1 (human)
CRP, Factor VII, ICAM-1, SAA, VCAM-1 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Inflammation Combo 1 (human)
Complement C9, Complement factor D, CRP, ICAM-1, NGAL/LCN2, SAA, VCAM-1 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Biomarker Group 3 Human 21-Plex
A2M, Adiponectin, ApoA1, ApoC3, CA1, Clusterin, Complement C9, Complement factor D, CRP, Cystatin C, DPPIV, Factor VII, ICAM-1, NGAL/LCN2, RBP4, SAA, Serpin A1, SHBG, sTfR-1, VCAM-1, vWF | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Human ICAM-1 Assay
ICAM-1 | Human
Singleplex
S-PLEX Proinflammatory Panel 1 (human) Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
S-PLEX NHP IL-6 Kit
IL-6 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
S-PLEX Human IL-6 Kit
IL-6 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Immuno-Oncology Group 1 (human) Assays
APRIL/TNFSF13, BAFF-R/TNFRSF13C, BCMA/TNFRSF17, CD20, CD27, CD28, CD40L (soluble), CD276/B7-H3, CTACK, CTLA-4, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, E-Selectin, FGF (basic), FLT3L, Fractalkine, Galectin-9, G-CSF, GITR/TNFRSF18, GITRL/TNFSF18, GM-CSF, gp130 (soluble), Granzyme A, Granzyme B, GRO-α, HAVCR2/TIM-3, HVEM/TNFRSF14, I-309, ICOS-L/B7-H2, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, IP-10, I-TAC, LAG3, LIGHT/TNFSF14, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIG, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-5, MMP-1, MMP-7, MMP-9 (total), Nectin-4, OX40/TNFRSF4, PD1 (epitope 1), PD1 (epitope 2), PD-L1 (epitope 1), PD-L1 (epitope 2), PD-L2, Pentraxin 3, Perforin, PlGF, proMMP-9, P-Selectin, RAGE (soluble), RANKL/TNFSF11, RANTES, S100A12, Tie-2, TIGIT, TLR1, TNF-α, TNF-β, TNF-RI, TNF-RII, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, VEGF-D, VEGFR-1/Flt-1, YKL-40 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Immuno-Oncology Group 1 (human) 107-Plex
BAFF-R/TNFRSF13C, BCMA/TNFRSF17, CD20, CD27, CD28, CD40L (soluble), CD276/B7-H3, C-Peptide, CTACK, CTLA-4, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FGF (basic), FGF-23, FLT3L, Fractalkine, FSH, G-CSF, Ghrelin (active), GIP (active), GIP (inactive), GITR/TNFRSF18, GITRL/TNFSF18, GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GM-CSF, gp130 (soluble), Granzyme A, Granzyme B, GRO-α, HAVCR2/TIM-3, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, Insulin, IP-10, I-TAC, LAG3, Leptin, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-5, OX40/TNFRSF4, PD1 (epitope 1), PD1 (epitope 2), PD-L1 (epitope 1), PD-L2, PlGF, PP, Proinsulin, PYY (total), RANKL/TNFSF11, SDF-1α, Tie-2, TIGIT, TLR1, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, VEGF-D, YKL-40 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Macrophage M1 Combo 1 (human)
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-18, IL-23, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Biomarker Group 1 (mouse) 29-Plex
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27p28/IL-30, IL-31, IL-33, IP-10, KC/GRO, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-2, MIP-3α, TNF-α | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Viral Combo 1 (human)
G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α, VEGF-A | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Viral Combo 1 (NHP)
G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-α2a, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α, VEGF-A | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 3 NHP Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 3 Human Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 3 Human Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 3 NHP Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 1 Human Kit
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 2 Human Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 1 NHP Kit
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 2 NHP Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 2 Human Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 1 NHP Kit
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 1 Human Kit
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 2 NHP Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
U-PLEX Mouse RANTES Assay
RANTES | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-6 Assay
IL-6 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-8 Assay
IL-8 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-6 Assay
IL-6 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-8 Assay
IL-8 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-6 Assay
IL-6 | Human
Singleplex
R-PLEX Rat IL-6 Assay
IL-6 | Rat
Singleplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (mouse) Assays
Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Mouse RANTES Antibody Set
RANTES | Mouse
U-PLEX Chemokine Combo 2 (mouse)
6CKine/CCL21, BCA-1/BLC, MCP-5/CCL12, RANTES, SDF-1α, TARC | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Biomarker Group 1 (mouse) 50-Plex
6CKine/CCL21, BAFF, BCA-1/BLC, CD40/TNFRSF5, Eotaxin, EPO, GM-CSF, IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27p28/IL-30, IL-31, IL-33, IP-10, KC/GRO, MCP-1, MCP-5/CCL12, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-2, MIP-3α, MMP-9 (total), NGAL/LCN2, RANTES, SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-RI, VEGF-A | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Metabolic Hormones Combo 1 (mouse)
C-Peptide, Ghrelin (active), GLP-1 (active), Glucagon, IL-6, Insulin, Leptin, MCP-1, PYY (total), TNF-α | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Metabolic Group 1 (mouse) 58-Plex
BAFF, BCA-1/BLC, BDNF, CD40/TNFRSF5, C-Peptide, Eotaxin, EPO, FGF-21, Ghrelin (active), Ghrelin (total), GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, GM-CSF, IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27p28/IL-30, IL-31, IL-33, Insulin, IP-10, KC/GRO, Leptin, MCP-1, MCP-5/CCL12, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-2, MIP-3α, MMP-9 (total), PYY (total), RANTES, TARC, TNF-α, VEGF-A | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Adipokine Combo 1 (mouse)
BDNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, Insulin, Leptin, MCP-1, TNF-α | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Metabolic Group 1 (human) 87-Plex
BAFF, BDNF, β-NGF, C-Peptide, CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FGF-21, FGF-23, FLT3L, Fractalkine, FSH, G-CSF, Ghrelin (active), Ghrelin (total), GIP (active), GIP (inactive), GIP (total), GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, Insulin, IP-10, Leptin, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-5, PP, Proinsulin, PYY (total), SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (human) Assays
BAFF, BDNF, β-NGF, C-Peptide, CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FGF-21, FGF-23, FLT3L, Fractalkine, FSH, G-CSF, Ghrelin (active), Ghrelin (total), GIP (active), GIP (inactive), GIP (total), GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, Insulin, IP-10, Leptin, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-5, PP, Proinsulin, PYY (total), SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Adipokine Combo 1 (human)
BDNF, β-NGF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, Insulin, Leptin, MCP-1, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
R-PLEX Rat IL-6 Antibody Set
IL-6 | Rat
V-PLEX Plus Mouse Cytokine 19-Plex Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-17A/F, IL-27p28/IL-30, IL-33, IP-10, KC/GRO, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-2, TNF-α | Mouse
Multiplex
V-PLEX Mouse Cytokine 19-Plex Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-17A/F, IL-27p28/IL-30, IL-33, IP-10, KC/GRO, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-2, TNF-α | Mouse
Multiplex
V-PLEX Human Cytokine 43-Plex Kit
Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-31, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TSLP, VEGF-A | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Human Biomarker 53-Plex Kit
CRP, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, FGF (basic), GM-CSF, ICAM-1, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-31, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, PlGF, SAA, TARC, Tie-2, TNF-α, TNF-β, TSLP, VCAM-1, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-1/Flt-1 | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Human Cytokine 35-Plex Kit
Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-31, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, VEGF-A | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Human Biomarker 45-Plex Kit
CRP, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, FGF (basic), GM-CSF, ICAM-1, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-31, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, PlGF, SAA, TARC, Tie-2, TNF-α, TNF-β, VCAM-1, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-1/Flt-1 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Biomarker Group 1 (mouse) 35-Plex
EPO, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27p28/IL-30, IL-31, IL-33, IP-10, KC/GRO, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-2, MIP-3α, TNF-α, VEGF-A | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX TH17 Combo 2 (mouse)
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-17C, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, TNF-α | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX TH17 Combo 2 (human)
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX TH17 Combo 1 (NHP)
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-α | Non-human primate
Multiplex
U-PLEX TH1/TH2 Combo (NHP)
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF-α | Non-human primate
Multiplex
U-PLEX Biomarker Group 1 (NHP) 59-Plex
CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, FLT3L, Fractalkine, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-22, IL-23, IP-10, I-TAC, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-5, SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, VEGF-A, YKL-40 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
U-PLEX Biomarker Group 1 (human) 71-Plex
CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FLT3L, Fractalkine, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, IP-10, I-TAC, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-5, SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Biomarker Group 1 (human) Assays
CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FLT3L, Fractalkine, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, IP-10, I-TAC, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-5, SDF-1α, TARC, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Biomarker Group 1 (NHP) Assays
CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, FLT3L, Fractalkine, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-22, IL-23, IP-10, I-TAC, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-5, SDF-1α, TARC, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, VEGF-A, YKL-40 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
U-PLEX Human IL-6 Antibody Set
IL-6 | Human
U-PLEX Human IL-8 Antibody Set
IL-8 | Human
U-PLEX Mouse IL-6 Antibody Set
IL-6 | Mouse
U-PLEX Chemokine Combo 1 (NHP)
Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TARC | Non-human primate
Multiplex
U-PLEX Chemokine Combo 1 (human)
Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TARC | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Proinflam Combo 4 (human)
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Proinflam Combo 3 (human)
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Proinflam Combo 2 (human)
GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Proinflam Combo 1 (NHP)
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, TNF-α | Non-human primate
Multiplex
U-PLEX Proinflam Combo 1 (human)
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX TH1/TH2 Combo (human)
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Proinflammatory Panel 2 Rat Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, KC/GRO, TNF-α | Rat
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Proinflammatory Panel 2 Rat Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, KC/GRO, TNF-α | Rat
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Human Biomarker 39-Plex Kit
CRP, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, FGF (basic), GM-CSF, ICAM-1, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, PlGF, SAA, TARC, Tie-2, TNF-α, TNF-β, VCAM-1, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-1/Flt-1 | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Human Biomarker 39-Plex Kit
CRP, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, FGF (basic), GM-CSF, ICAM-1, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, PlGF, SAA, TARC, Tie-2, TNF-α, TNF-β, VCAM-1, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-1/Flt-1 | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Vascular Injury Panel 2 Human Kit
CRP, ICAM-1, SAA, VCAM-1 | Human
Multiplex
Product Search
Browse Our Products

By Analytes
By Applications
Search
Customer Service/Orders


Scientific/Technical Support


Instrument Support


Company Headquarters