MSD Tools for COVID-19 Research
V-PLEX Serology Panels and Proficiency Samples

V-PLEX Serology panels detect antibodies to antigens from SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 variants, SARS-1, MERS, circulating Coronaviruses, and other respiratory pathogens. They are built from a large library of antigens, organized into panels. The menu includes the V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 2, which was chosen by Operation Warp Speed (OWS) as the basis of its standard binding assays for immunogenicity assessments in all funded Phase III clinical trials of vaccines.

The V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panels focus on antigens from the SARS-CoV-2 virus including the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Lambda, Mu, and Omicron variants (click here to view the full list of variants). The V-PLEX Coronavirus Panels add circulating Coronaviruses; V-PLEX Respiratory Panels also have antigens for Influenza and RSV. The menu includes kits to measure antibodies that block binding of ACE2 to the Spike and RBD antigens of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (including variants), which is a high-throughput alternative to traditional neutralization assays.

All human serology tests are provided as complete kits and include reference standards and controls. The Reference Standard 1 in V-PLEX Serology kits is calibrated against the WHO International Standard (NIBSC code: 20/136), and results from the V-PLEX Serology Panels can be reported in International Units (BAU/mL).

MSD offers COVID-19 Proficiency Samples intended for use as test samples in MSD’s V-PLEX COVID-19 Serology Kits. Samples are aliquots of human serum containing antibodies to antigens from SARS-CoV-2, SARS-1, MERS, circulating Coronaviruses, and other respiratory pathogens. MSD provides assigned values for the concentration of antibodies in each sample, enabling users to assess their laboratory performance for testing, training, concordance studies, validations, and troubleshooting. COVID-19 Proficiency samples are available in panels or as individual samples.

Antigen and Biomarker Assays

MSD offers two formats for direct detection of viral antigens. S-PLEX antigen assays measure the SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid antigens and have ultra-sensitive detection limits (femtogram/mL). R-PLEX antibody sets for SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid antigens can be used to develop singleplex and multiplex assays, including combinations with other biomarkers of interest. Our menu also offers panels of biomarkers, including inflammatory cytokines and other analytes relevant to COVID-19.


For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.
V-PLEX Serology and Neutralization Panels Catalog Number Antigens
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 1 Kit
Human
K15359U (IgG)
K15360U (IgM)
K15361U (IgA)
K15375U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15472U (IgG)
K15473U (IgM)
K15474U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-1 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-2 N
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 NTD
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 2 Kit
Human
K15383U (IgG)
K15384U (IgM)
K15385U (IgA)
K15386U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15475U (IgG)
K15476U (IgM)
K15477U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 N
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 5 Kit
Human
K15429U (IgG)
K15430U (IgM)
K15431U (IgA)
K15432U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15478U (IgG)
K15479U (IgM)
K15480U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 N
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.1.7)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.351)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (P.1)
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 6 Kit
Human
K15433U (IgG)
K15434U (IgM)
K15435U (IgA)
K15436U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15481U (IgG)
K15482U (IgM)
K15483U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 N
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (D614G)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.1.7)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.351)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (P.1)
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 7 Kit
Human
K15437U (IgG)
K15438U (IgM)
K15439U (IgA)
K15440U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15484U (IgG)
K15485U (IgM)
K15486U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 N
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.1.7)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.351)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (P.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.1.7)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.351)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (P.1)
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 8 Kit
Human
K15444U (IgG)
K15445U (IgM)
K15446U (IgA)
K15447U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15487U (IgG)
K15488U (IgM)
K15489U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 N
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.429)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.526)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.526.2)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.429)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.526)
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 9 Kit
Human
K15448U (IgG)
K15449U (IgM)
K15450U (IgA)
K15451U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15490U (IgG)
K15491U (IgM)
K15492U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.1.7)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.214.2)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.351; B.1.351.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.526.2)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (P.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.1.7+E484K; P.3)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.427; B.1.429; B.1.526.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.525; B.1.526; B.1.618; P.2; R.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.617; B.1.617.1; B.1.617.3)
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 11 Kit
Human
K15455U (IgG)
K15456U (IgM)
K15457U (IgA)
K15458U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15506U (IgG)
K15507U (IgM)
K15508U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.1.7)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.351; B.1.351.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.526.2)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (P.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.1.7+E484K; P.3)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.427; B.1.429; B.1.526.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.525; B.1.526; B.1.618; P.2; R.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.617; B.1.617.1; B.1.617.3)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (AY.3; AY.4; AY.4.2; AY.5; AY.6; AY.7; AY.12; AY.14; B.1.617.2; B.1.617.2+∆Y144)
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 12 Kit
Human
K15459U (IgG)
K15460U (IgM)
K15461U (IgA)
K15462U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15509U (IgG)
K15510U (IgM)
K15511U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (A.23.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (A.VOI.V2)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.1.519)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (BV-1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (C.37)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.1.7+E484K; P.3)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.525; B.1.526; B.1.618; P.2; R.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.617; B.1.617.1; B.1.617.3)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (AY.3; AY.4; AY.4.2; AY.5; AY.6; AY.7; AY.12; AY.14; B.1.617.2; B.1.617.2+∆Y144)
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 13 Kit
Human
K15463U (IgG)
K15464U (IgM)
K15465U (IgA)
K15466U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15512U (IgG)
K15513U (IgM)
K15514U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.1.7)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.351)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.526.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617.3)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (P.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (P.2)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617.2)
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 14 Kit
Human
K15468U (IgG)
K15469U (IgM)
K15470U (IgA)
K15471U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15495U (IgG)
K15496U (IgM)
K15497U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (A.23.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (A.VOI.V2)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.1.519)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.525)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BV-1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (C.37)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (P.3)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (R.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617.2; AY.3; AY.5; AY.6; AY.7; AY.14) Alt Seq 1
  • (Alternative S-GENE mutations for Spike of B.1.617.2 are listed as "Alt Seq #")
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 15 Kit
Human
K15499U (IgG)
K15500U (IgM)
K15501U (IgA)
K15502U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15503U (IgG)
K15504U (IgM)
K15505U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (AY.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (AY.2)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.620)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.258.17)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.466.2)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.351.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.618)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617.2+∆Y144)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.1.7+E484K)
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 16 Kit
Human
K15516U (IgG)
K15517U (IgM)
K15518U (IgA)
K15519U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15520U (IgG)
K15521U (IgM)
K15522U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (AY.1; AY.2)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.351; B.1.351.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.1.7+E484K; P.3)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.258.17; B.1.466.2)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.620)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.525; B.1.526; B.1.618; P.2; R.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (AY.3; AY.4; AY.4.2; AY.5; AY.6; AY.7; AY.12; AY.14; B.1.617.2; B.1.617.2+∆144)
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 17 Kit
Human
K15524U (IgG)
K15525U (IgM)
K15526U (IgA)
K15527U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15528U (IgG)
K15529U (IgM)
K15530U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 N
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (D614G)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.1.7)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.351)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (P.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617.2; AY.3; AY.5; AY.6; AY.7; AY.14) Alt Seq 1
  • (Alternative S-GENE mutations for Spike of B.1.617.2 are listed as "Alt Seq #")
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 18 Kit
Human
K15532U (IgG)
K15533U (IgM)
K15534U (IgA)
K15535U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15536U (IgG)
K15537U (IgM)
K15538U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.1.7)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.351)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.526.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617.3)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (P.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (P.2)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617.2; AY.4) Alt Seq 2
  • (Alternative S-GENE mutations for Spike of B.1.617.2 are listed as "Alt Seq #")
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 19 Kit
Human
K15540U (IgG)
K15541U (IgM)
K15542U (IgA)
K15543U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15544U (IgG)
K15545U (IgM)
K15546U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (AY.1) Alt Seq 1
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (AY.2) Alt Seq 1
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (AY.12)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.351)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.621)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (C.37)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (P.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617.2; AY.3; AY.5; AY.6; AY.7; AY.14) Alt Seq 1
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617.2; AY.4) Alt Seq 2
  • (Alternative S-GENE mutations for Spike of AY.1, AY.2, and B.1.617.2 are listed as "Alt Seq #")
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 20 Kit
Human
K15551U (IgG)
K15552U (IgM)
K15553U (IgA)
K15554U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15555U (IgG)
K15556U (IgM)
K15557U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.1.7)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.351)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (P.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617.2 +1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617.2 +2)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617.2 +3)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617.2 +4)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617.2; AY.3; AY.5; AY.6; AY.7; AY.14) Alt Seq 1
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617.2; AY.4) Alt Seq 2
  • (Alternative S-GENE mutations for Spike of B.1.617.2 are listed as "Alt Seq #")
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 22 Kit
(Omicron Panel)
Human
K15559U (IgG)
K15560U (IgM)
K15561U (IgA)
K15562U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15563U (IgG)
K15564U (IgM)
K15565U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.1.529; BA.1; BA.1.15)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.1.7)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.351; B.1.351.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (P.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (AY.3; AY.4; AY.4.2; AY.5; AY.6; AY.7; AY.12; AY.14; B.1.617.2; B.1.617.2+∆144)
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 23 Kit
(Omicron Panel)
Human
K15567U (IgG)
K15568U (IgM)
K15569U (IgA)
K15570U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15571U (IgG)
K15572U (IgM)
K15573U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (AY.4.2)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.1.529; BA.1; BA.1.15)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.1.7)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.351)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (P.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617.2; AY.3; AY.5; AY.6; AY.7; AY.14) Alt Seq 1
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617.2; AY.4) Alt Seq 2
  • (Alternative S-GENE mutations for Spike of B.1.617.2 are listed as "Alt Seq #")
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 24 Kit
(Omicron Panel)
Human
K15575U (IgG)
K15576U (IgM)
K15577U (IgA)
K15578U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15579U (IgG)
K15580U (IgM)
K15581U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 N
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.1.529; BA.1; BA.1.15)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.1.7)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.351)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (P.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617.2; AY.4) Alt Seq 2
  • (Alternative S-GENE mutations for Spike of B.1.617.2 are listed as "Alt Seq #")
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 25 Kit
(Omicron Panel)
Human
K15583U (IgG)
K15584U (IgM)
K15585U (IgA)
K15586U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15587U (IgG)
K15588U (IgM)
K15589U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.1.529; BA.1; BA.1.15)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.1+L452R)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.1+R346K;BA.1.1; BA.1.1.15)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.2; BA.2.1; BA.2.2; BA.2.3; BA.2.5; BA.2.6; BA.2.7; BA.2.8; BA.2.10; BA.2.12)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.3)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.1.7)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.351)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.640.2)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617.2; AY.4) Alt Seq 2
  • (Alternative S-GENE mutations for Spike of B.1.617.2 are listed as "Alt Seq #")
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 26 Kit
(Omicron Panel)
Human
K15593U (IgG)
K15594U (IgM)
K15595U (IgA)
K15596U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15597U (IgG)
K15598U (IgM)
K15599U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.1.529; BA.1; BA.1.15)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (BA.1.1; BA.1.1.15)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (BA.2; BA.2.1; BA.2.2; BA.2.3; BA.2.5; BA.2.6; BA.2.7; BA.2.8; BA.2.10; BA.2.10.1; BA.2.12)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.1.7)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.351; B.1.351.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (P.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (AY.3; AY.4; AY.4.2; AY.5; AY.6; AY.7; AY.12; AY.14; B.1.617.2; B.1.617.2+∆144)
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 27 Kit
(Omicron Panel)
Human
K15606U (IgG)
K15607U (IgM)
K15608U (IgA)
K15609U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15610U (IgG)
K15611U (IgM)
K15612U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.351)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.2; BA.2.1; BA.2.2; BA.2.3; BA.2.5; BA.2.6; BA.2.7; BA.2.8; BA.2.10; BA.2.12)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.2.12.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.2+L452M)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.2+L452R)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.3)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.4)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.5)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617.2; AY.4) Alt Seq 2
  • (Alternative S-GENE mutations for Spike of B.1.617.2 are listed as "Alt Seq #")
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 28 Kit
(Omicron Panel)
Human
K15614U (IgG)
K15615U (IgM)
K15616U (IgA)
K15617U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15618U (IgG)
K15619U (IgM)
K15620U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.1.7)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.351; B.1.351.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (BA.2; BA.2.1; BA.2.2; BA.2.3; BA.2.5; BA.2.6; BA.2.7; BA.2.8; BA.2.10; BA.2.10.1; BA.2.12)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (BA.2.12.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (BA.2+L452M)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (BA.2+L452R)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (BA.3)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (BA.4; BA.5)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (AY.3; AY.4; AY.4.2; AY.5; AY.6; AY.7; AY.12; AY.14; B.1.617.2; B.1.617.2+∆144)
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 29 Kit
(Omicron Panel)
Human
K15624U (IgG)
K15625U (IgM)
K15626U (IgA)
K15627U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15628U (IgG)
K15629U (IgM)
K15630U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.351)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.2; BA.2.1; BA.2.2; BA.2.3; BA.2.5; BA.2.6; BA.2.7; BA.2.8; BA.2.10; BA.2.12)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.2.12.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.2.75)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.4)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.5)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617.2; AY.4) Alt Seq 2
  • (Alternative S-GENE mutations for Spike of B.1.617.2 are listed as "Alt Seq #")
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 30 Kit
(Omicron Panel)
Human
K15632U (IgG)
K15633U (IgM)
K15634U (IgA)
K15635U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15636U (IgG)
K15637U (IgM)
K15638U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.1.7)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.351; B.1.351.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (BA.2; BA.2.1; BA.2.2; BA.2.3; BA.2.5; BA.2.6; BA.2.7; BA.2.8; BA.2.10; BA.2.10.1; BA.2.12)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (BA.2.12.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (BA.2.75)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (BA.4; BA.5)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (AY.3; AY.4; AY.4.2; AY.5; AY.6; AY.7; AY.12; AY.14; B.1.617.2; B.1.617.2+∆144)
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 31 Kit
(Omicron Panel)
Human
K15642U (IgG)
K15643U (IgM)
K15644U (IgA)
K15645U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15646U (IgG)
K15647U (IgM)
K15648U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 N
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (BA.4; BA.5)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.5)
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 32 Kit
(Omicron Panel)
Human
K15668U (IgG)
K15669U (IgM)
K15670U (IgA)
K15671U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15672U (IgG)
K15673U (IgM)
K15674U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.1.529; BA.1; BA.1.15)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.2.75)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.2.75.2)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.4.6)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.5)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BF.7)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BQ.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BQ.1.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (XBB.1)
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 33 Kit
(Omicron Panel)
Human
K15676U (IgG)
K15677U (IgM)
K15678U (IgA)
K15679U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15680U (IgG)
K15681U (IgM)
K15682U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.1.529; BA.1; BA.1.15)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (BA.2.75)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (BA.2.75.2)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (BA.4; BA.5)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (BA.4.6; BF.7)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (BQ.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (BQ.1.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (XBB.1)
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 34 Kit
(Omicron Panel)
Human
K15690U (IgG)
K15691U (IgM)
K15693U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15694U (IgG)
K15695U (IgM)
K15696U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.1.529; BA.1; BA.1.15)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.2.75)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.5)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BF.7)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BN.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BQ.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BQ.1.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (XBB.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (XBB.1.5)
NEW V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 36 Kit
(Omicron Panel)
Human
K15715U (IgG)
K15716U (ACE2)
  • SARS-CoV-2 N
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.1.529; BA.1; BA.1.15)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.5)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BQ.1.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (XBB.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (XBB.1.5)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (XBB.1.16)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (XBB.1.16.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (XBB.2.3)
NEW V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Panel 37 Kit
(Omicron Panel)
Human
K15721U (IgG)
K15722U (ACE2)
  • SARS-CoV-2 N
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.2.86)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.5)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (EG.5.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (FL.1.5.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (XBB.1.5)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (XBB.1.16)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (XBB.1.16.6)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (XBB.2.3)
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Key Variant Spike Panel 1 Kit
(Omicron Panel)
Human
K15651U (IgG)
K15652U (IgM)
K15653U (IgA)
K15654U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15655U (IgG)
K15656U (IgM)
K15657U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 N
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.1.7)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.351)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.2; BA.2.1; BA.2.2; BA.2.3; BA.2.5; BA.2.6; BA.2.7; BA.2.8; BA.2.10; BA.2.12)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.1.529; BA.1; BA.1.15)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.2.12.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.2.75)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (BA.5)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.617.2; AY.4) Alt Seq 2
  • (Alternative S-GENE mutations for Spike of B.1.617.2 are listed as "Alt Seq #")
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Key Variant RBD Panel 1 Kit
(Omicron Panel)
Human
K15659U (IgG)
K15660U (IgM)
K15661U (IgA)
K15662U (ACE2)
Mouse
K15663U (IgG)
K15664U (IgM)
K15665U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 N
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.1.7)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.351; B.1.351.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (BA.2; BA.2.1; BA.2.2; BA.2.3; BA.2.5; BA.2.6; BA.2.7; BA.2.8; BA.2.10; BA.2.10.1; BA.2.12)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.1.529; BA.1; BA.1.15)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (BA.2.12.1)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (BA.2.75)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (BA.4; BA.5)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (AY.3; AY.4; AY.4.2; AY.5; AY.6; AY.7; AY.12; AY.14; B.1.617.2; B.1.617.2+∆144)
V-PLEX COVID-19 Coronavirus Panel 1 Kit
Human
K15362U (IgG)
K15363U (IgM)
K15364U (IgA)
K15376U (ACE2)
  • SARS-CoV-2 N
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 NTD
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-1 Spike
  • MERS-CoV Spike
  • HCoV-HKU1 Spike
  • HCoV-OC43 Spike
  • Flu A/Hong Kong/2014 H3
V-PLEX COVID-19 Coronavirus Panel 2 Kit
Human
K15369U (IgG)
K15370U (IgM)
K15371U (IgA)
K15378U (ACE2)
  • SARS-CoV-2 N
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 NTD
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-1 Spike
  • HCoV-229E Spike
  • HCoV-HKU1 Spike
  • HCoV-NL63 Spike
  • HCoV-OC43 Spike
V-PLEX COVID-19 Coronavirus Panel 3 Kit
Human
K15399U (IgG)
K15400U (IgM)
K15401U (IgA)
K15402U (ACE2)
  • SARS-CoV-2 N
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-1 Spike
  • MERS-CoV Spike
  • HCoV-229E Spike
  • HCoV-HKU1 Spike
  • HCoV-NL63 Spike
  • HCoV-OC43 Spike
V-PLEX Respiratory Panel 1 Kit
Human
K15365U (IgG)
K15366U (IgM)
K15367U (IgA)
  • Flu A/Hong Kong/2014 H3
  • Flu A/Michigan/2015 H1
  • Flu A/Shanghai/2013 H7
  • Flu B/Brisbane/2008 HA
  • Flu B/Phuket/2013 HA
  • RSV Pre-Fusion F
NEW V-PLEX Respiratory Panel 4 Kit
Human
K15707U (IgG)
  • Flu A/Darwin/2021 H3
  • Flu A/Shanghai/2013 H7
  • Flu A/Wisconsin/2019 H1
  • Flu B/Austria/2021 HA
  • Flu B/Phuket/2013 HA
  • RSV Pre-Fusion F
  • SARS-CoV-2 N
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (XBB.1.5)
V-PLEX COVID-19 Respiratory Panel 4 Kit
Human
K15372U (IgG)
K15373U (IgM)
K15374U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 N
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 NTD
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-1 Spike
  • HCoV-229E Spike
  • HCoV-HKU1 Spike
  • HCoV-NL63 Spike
  • HCoV-OC43 Spike
  • Flu A/Hong Kong/2014 H3
  • Flu A/Michigan/2015 H1
  • Flu A/Shanghai/2013 H7
  • Flu B/Brisbane/2008 HA
  • Flu B/Phuket/2013 HA
  • RSV Pre-Fusion F
V-PLEX COVID-19 Respiratory Panel 3 Kit
Human
K15403U (IgG)
K15404U (IgM)
K15405U (IgA)
  • SARS-CoV-2 N
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-1 Spike
  • MERS-CoV Spike
  • HCoV-229E Spike
  • HCoV-HKU1 Spike
  • HCoV-NL63 Spike
  • HCoV-OC43 Spike
  • Flu A/Hong Kong/2014 H3
  • Flu A/Michigan/2015 H1
  • Flu A/Shanghai/2013 H7
  • Flu B/Brisbane/2008 HA
  • Flu B/Phuket/2013 HA
  • RSV Pre-Fusion F
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 384 Panel 1 Kit
Human
K25392U (IgG)
K25393U (IgM)
K25394U (IgA)
K25395U (ACE2)
  • SARS-CoV-2 N
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 384 Panel 2 Kit
Human
K25420U (IgG)
K25421U (IgM)
K25422U (IgA)
K25423U (ACE2)
  • SARS-CoV-2 N
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (B.1.351)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.351)
COVID-19 Proficiency Samples Catalog Number Proficiency Sample IDs
COVID-19 Proficiency Sample Panel 1
(18 Samples)
C4417
  • 134
  • 205
  • 277
  • 314
  • 370
  • 467
  • 478
  • 503
  • 562
  • 577
  • 605
  • 678
  • 683
  • 812
  • 862
  • 920
  • 954
  • 987
COVID-19 Proficiency Sample Panel 2
(36 Samples)
C4418
  • 115
  • 134
  • 205
  • 244
  • 277
  • 314
  • 323
  • 356
  • 370
  • 418
  • 442
  • 467
  • 478
  • 482
  • 493
  • 503
  • 512
  • 562
  • 577
  • 580
  • 596
  • 605
  • 623
  • 678
  • 683
  • 700
  • 711
  • 725
  • 796
  • 812
  • 856
  • 862
  • 887
  • 920
  • 954
  • 987
COVID-19 Proficiency Sample Panel 3
(42 Samples)
C4419
  • 102
  • 115
  • 134
  • 168
  • 205
  • 244
  • 277
  • 314
  • 323
  • 356
  • 370
  • 418
  • 435
  • 442
  • 467
  • 478
  • 482
  • 493
  • 503
  • 512
  • 525
  • 562
  • 577
  • 580
  • 596
  • 605
  • 623
  • 678
  • 683
  • 700
  • 711
  • 725
  • 780
  • 796
  • 812
  • 856
  • 862
  • 887
  • 902
  • 920
  • 954
  • 987
Individual COVID-19 Proficiency Samples Multiple
(Click on Sample IDs)
S-PLEX Antigen Detection Assays Catalog Number Analyte
S-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 N Kit K150ADHS SARS-CoV-2 N
S-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Spike Kit K150ADJS SARS-CoV-2 Spike
R-PLEX Antigen Detection Antibody Sets Catalog Number Analyte
R-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 N Antibody Set F20ADC SARS-CoV-2 N
R-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Set F20ADB SARS-CoV-2 Spike
V-PLEX Biomarker Panels Catalog Number Analytes
V-PLEX Viral Panel 1 Human Kit K15345D
  • IL-1β
  • IL-6
  • IL-8
  • TNF-α
V-PLEX Viral Panel 2 Human Kit K15346D
  • IFN-γ
  • IL-1β
  • IL-4
  • IL-6
  • IL-8
  • IL-10
  • TNF-α
V-PLEX Viral Panel 3 Human Kit K15347D
  • IFN-γ
  • IL-1β
  • IL-4
  • IL-5
  • IL-6
  • IL-8
  • IL-10
  • IL-12p70
  • TNF-α
V-PLEX Proinflammatory Panel 1 Human Kit K15049D
  • IFN-γ
  • IL-1β
  • IL-2
  • IL-4
  • IL-6
  • IL-8
  • IL-10
  • IL-12p70
  • IL-13
  • TNF-α
V-PLEX Vascular Injury Panel 2 Human Kit K15198D
  • CRP
  • ICAM-1
  • SAA
  • VCAM-1
V-PLEX Human Biomarker 54-Plex Kit K15248D
  • CRP
  • Eotaxin
  • Eotaxin-3
  • FGF(basic)
  • GM-CSF
  • ICAM-1
  • IFN-γ
  • IL-1α
  • IL-1β
  • IL-2
  • IL-3
  • IL-4
  • IL-5
  • IL-6
  • IL-7
  • IL-8
  • IL-8(HA)
  • IL-9
  • IL-10
  • IL-12/IL-23p40
  • IL-12p70
  • IL-13
  • IL-15
  • IL-16
  • IL-17A
  • IL-17A/F
  • IL-17B
  • IL-17C
  • IL-17D
  • IL-1RA
  • IL-21
  • IL-22
  • IL-23
  • IL-27
  • IL-31
  • IP-10
  • MCP-1
  • MCP-4
  • MDC
  • MIP-1α
  • MIP-1β
  • MIP-3α
  • PlGF
  • SAA
  • TARC
  • Tie-2
  • TNF-α
  • TNF-β
  • TSLP
  • VCAM-1
  • VEGF-A
  • VEGF-C
  • VEGF-D
  • VEGFR-1/Flt-1
V-PLEX Viral Panel 1 NHP Kit K15348D
  • IL-1β
  • IL-6
  • IL-8
V-PLEX Viral Panel 2 NHP Kit K15349D
  • IFN-γ
  • IL-1β
  • IL-6
  • IL-8
  • IL-10
V-PLEX Viral Panel 3 NHP Kit K15350D
  • IFN-γ
  • IL-1β
  • IL-5
  • IL-6
  • IL-8
  • IL-10
V-PLEX Proinflammatory Panel 1 NHP Kit K15056D
  • IFN-γ
  • IL-1β
  • IL-2
  • IL-6
  • IL-8
  • IL-10
U-PLEX Combos Catalog Number Analytes
U-PLEX Viral Combo 1 Human K15343K
  • G-CSF
  • GM-CSF
  • IFN-α2a
  • IFN-β
  • IFN-γ
  • IL-1RA
  • IL-1β
  • IL-4
  • IL-5
  • IL-6
  • IL-7
  • IL-8
  • IL-9
  • IL-10
  • IL-12p70
  • IP-10
  • MCP1
  • MIP-1α
  • TNF-α
  • VEGF-A
U-PLEX Cytokine Combo 1 Human K15045K
  • GM-CSF
  • IL-1α
  • IL-5
  • IL-7
  • IL-12/IL-23p40
  • IL-15
  • IL-16
  • IL-17A
  • TNF-β
  • VEGF-A
U-PLEX Viral Combo 1 NHP K15344K
  • G-CSF
  • GM-CSF
  • IFN-α2a
  • IFN-γ
  • IL-1RA
  • IL-1β
  • IL-4
  • IL-6
  • IL-7
  • IL-8
  • IL-9
  • IL-10
  • IL-12p70
  • IP-10
  • MCP1
  • MIP-1α
  • TNF-α
  • VEGF-A
U-PLEX Cytokine Combo 1 NHP K15057K
  • GM-CSF
  • IL-1α
  • IL-5
  • IL-7
  • IL-12/IL-23p40
  • IL-15
  • IL-16
  • IL-17A
  • TNF-β
  • VEGF-A
S-PLEX Assays Catalog Number Analyte
S-PLEX Human G-CSF Kit K151K3S G-CSF
S-PLEX Human GM-CSF Kit K151F3S GM-CSF
S-PLEX Human IFN-α2a Kit K151P3S IFN-α2a
S-PLEX Human IL-4 Kit K151A3S IL-4
S-PLEX Human IL-6 Kit K151B3S IL-6
S-PLEX Human IL-10 Kit K151Y2S IL-10
S-PLEX Human TNF-α Kit K151E3S TNF-α
R-PLEX Antibody Set Catalog Number Analyte
R-PLEX Human Ferritin Antibody Set F21ADA Ferritin

References

  1. Lecanemab in Early Alzheimer's Disease
  2. Performance and validation of an adaptable multiplex assay for detection of serologic response to SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination
  3. Immune responses after omicron infection in triple-vaccinated health-care workers with and without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection
  4. Viral Antigen and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Patients With COVID-19 Infection and Neurologic Symptoms Compared With Control Participants Without Infection or Neurologic Symptoms
  5. Sensitive Serology Measurements in the Saliva of Individuals with COVID-19 Symptoms Using a Multiplexed Immunoassay
  6. SARS-CoV-2 -specific immune responses in boosted vaccine recipients with breakthrough infections during the Omicron variant surge
  7. A Fourth Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine Does Not Induce Neutralization of the Omicron Variant Among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With Suboptimal Vaccine Response
  8. Quantitative serology for SARS-CoV-2 using self-collected saliva and finger-stick blood
  9. Clinical Performance of Three Commercial and Two In-House Multiplex Assays for SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Detection in Dried Blood Spot Specimens
  10. Age-Associated Seroprevalence of Coronavirus Antibodies: Population-Based Serosurveys in 2013 and 2020, British Columbia, Canada
  11. SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Plasma Antigen for Diagnosis and Monitoring of COVID-19
  12. Diagnostic accuracy of the ultrasensitive S-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 N electrochemiluminescence immunoassay
  13. Heterologous SARS-CoV-2 Booster Vaccinations – Preliminary Report
  14. Immune Correlates Analysis of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccine Efficacy Trial
  15. A Higher Antibody Response Is Generated With a 6- to 7-Week (vs Standard) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccine Dosing Interval
  16. Quantitative serology for SARS-CoV-2 using self-collected saliva and finger-stick blood
  17. Two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induce robust immune responses to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
  18. Immunogenicity of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants in humans
  19. Performance of Immunoglobulin G Serology on Finger Prick Capillary Dried Blood Spot Samples to Measure SARS-CoV-2 Humoral Immunogenicity
  20. Targeting SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain to cells expressing CD40 improves protection to infection in convalescent macaques
  21. Durability of mRNA-1273-induced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants
  22. Coronavirus-Specific Antibody Cross Reactivity in Rhesus Macaques Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Infection
  23. mRNA vaccination compared to infection elicits an IgG-predominant response with greater SARS-CoV-2 specificity and similar decrease in variant spike recognition
  24. Galectin-9, a Player in Cytokine Release Syndrome and a Surrogate Diagnostic Biomarker in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
  25. Infection- and vaccine-induced antibody binding and neutralization of the B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 variant
  26. Reduced binding and neutralization of infection- and vaccine-induced antibodies to the B.1.351 (South African) SARS-CoV-2 variant
  27. Antibody Responses After a Single Dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine in Healthcare Workers Previously Infected with SARS-CoV-2
  28. Two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induce more robust immune responses to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern than does natural infection
  29. Shared B cell memory to coronaviruses and other pathogens varies in human age groups and tissues
  30. SARS-CoV-2 elicits robust adaptive immune responses regardless of disease severity
  31. Ultra-sensitive Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Antigen Detection for the Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Upper Respiratory Samples
  32. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG from severely ill COVID-19 patients promotes macrophage hyper-inflammatory responses
  33. Characterization and Biomarker Analyses of Post-COVID-19 Complications and Neurological Manifestations
  34. Evaluation of a novel multiplexed assay for determining IgG levels and functional activity to SARS-CoV-2
  35. Ultrasensitive assay for saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection
  36. Cross-sectional prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare workers in paediatric facilities in eight countries
  37. Humoral Response Dynamics Following Infection with SARS-CoV-2
  38. Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in Nonhuman Primates
  39. Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial
  40. Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen and RNA concentrations in nasopharyngeal samples from children and adults using an ultrasensitive and quantitative antigen assay
  41. Antibody reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 is common in unexposed adults and infants under 6 months
  42. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and COVID-19 are distinct presentations of SARS–CoV-2
  43. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
  44. Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology
  45. Coronavirus infections and immune responses
  46. Handbook of COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment

SARS-CoV-2 image courtesy of CDC/ Alissa Eckert, MS; Dan Higgins, MAMS