Fetal-placental inflammation, but not adrenal activation, is associated with extreme preterm delivery.

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Fetal-placental inflammation, but not adrenal activation, is associated with extreme preterm delivery.

Trivedi S, Joachim M, McElrath T, Kliman HJ, Allred EN, Fichorova RN, Onderdonk A, Heitor F, Chaychi L, Leviton A, Majzoub JA; ELGAN study investigators.

Journal		Am J Obstet Gynecol.
Species
Analytes Measured		CRP , E-Selectin , I-TAC , ICAM-1 , ICAM-3 , IGFBP-1 , IL-6 , IL-6R , IL-8 , MCP-1 , MCP-4 , MMP-1 , MMP-9 , MPO , RANTES , SAA , TNF-RI , TNF-RII , VCAM-1 , Flt-1 VEGFR1
Matrix Tested		Dried blood spots

Year		2011
Volume
Page Numbers
Application		Cytokines and Chemokines

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Spontaneous labor at term involves the activation of placental corticotropin-releasing hormone and the fetal adrenal axis, but the basis for extreme preterm labor is unknown. Our objective was to determine whether placental corticotropin-releasing hormone is activated in extreme preterm labor.

STUDY DESIGN: One thousand five hundred six mothers delivering at less than 28 weeks' gestation were enrolled. Each mother/infant pair was assigned to the category that described the primary reason for hospitalization. Observers who had no knowledge of patient categorization assessed placenta microbiology, histology, and corticotropin-releasing hormone expression. These were correlated with the primary reason for hospitalization.

RESULTS: Among infants delivered at less than 28 weeks' gestation, spontaneous (vs induced) delivery was associated with less placental corticotropin-releasing hormone expression and more frequent signs of placental inflammation and infection.

CONCLUSION: Inflammation and infection, rather than premature activation of the fetal adrenal axis, should be the major focus of research to prevent extremely preterm human birth.

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V-PLEX Viral Panel 1 NHP Kit IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 \| Non-human primate Multiplex		NEW
V-PLEX Viral Panel 1 Human Kit IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex		NEW
V-PLEX Plus Proinflammatory Panel 1 Human Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex		NEW
V-PLEX Plus Proinflammatory Panel 1 NHP Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 \| Non-human primate Multiplex		NEW
V-PLEX Plus Human Proinflam. Panel II (4-Plex) IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex		NEW
V-PLEX Plus Human Proinflam. Panel I (4-Plex) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex		NEW
V-PLEX Human Proinflammatory Panel II (4-Plex) IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex		NEW
V-PLEX Human Proinflammatory Panel I (4-Plex) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex		NEW
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 2 NHP Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 \| Non-human primate Multiplex		NEW
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 2 Human Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex		NEW
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 1 NHP Kit IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 \| Non-human primate Multiplex		NEW
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 1 Human Kit IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex		NEW
V-PLEX Proinflammatory Panel 1 Human Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex		NEW
V-PLEX Proinflammatory Panel 1 NHP Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 \| Non-human primate Multiplex		NEW
V-PLEX Viral Panel 2 NHP Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 \| Non-human primate Multiplex		NEW
R-PLEX Rabbit IL-6 Assay IL-6 \| Rabbit Singleplex		NEW
U-PLEX Biomarker Group 1 (NHP) Assays CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, FLT3L, Fractalkine, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-22, IL-23, IP-10, I-TAC, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-5, SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, VEGF-A, YKL-40 \| Non-human primate Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Biomarker Group 1 (human) Assays CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FLT3L, Fractalkine, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, IP-10, I-TAC, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-5, SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Biomarker Group 1 (mouse) Assays 6CKine/CCL21, BAFF, BCA-1/BLC, CD40/TNFRSF5, Eotaxin, EPO, GM-CSF, IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27p28/IL-30, IL-31, IL-33, IP-10, KC/GRO, MCP-1, MCP-5/CCL12, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-2, MIP-3α, MMP-9 (total), NGAL/LCN2, RANTES, SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-RI, VEGF-A \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (human) Assays BAFF, BDNF, β-NGF, C-Peptide, CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FGF-21, FGF-23, FLT3L, Fractalkine, FSH, G-CSF, Ghrelin (active), Ghrelin (total), GIP (active), GIP (inactive), GIP (total), GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, Insulin, IP-10, Leptin, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-5, PP, Proinsulin, PYY (total), SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (mouse) Assays BAFF, BCA-1/BLC, BDNF, CD40/TNFRSF5, C-Peptide, Eotaxin, EPO, FGF-21, Ghrelin (active), Ghrelin (total), GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, GM-CSF, IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27p28/IL-30, IL-31, IL-33, Insulin, IP-10, KC/GRO, Leptin, MCP-1, MCP-5/CCL12, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-2, MIP-3α, MMP-9 (total), PYY (total), RANTES, TARC, TNF-α, VEGF-A \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Biomarker Group 3 (human) Assays A2M, Adiponectin, ApoA1, ApoC3, CA1, Clusterin, Complement C9, Complement factor D, CRP, Cystatin C, DPPIV, Factor VII, ICAM-1, NGAL/LCN2, RBP4, SAA, Serpin A1, SHBG, sTfR-1, VCAM-1, vWF \| Human Multiplex
R-PLEX Rat ICAM-1 Assay ICAM-1 \| Rat Singleplex
U-PLEX Alzheimer's Disease Combo 1 (human) Eotaxin, IL-1α, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-16, IL-17A, MCP-1, MDC, MIF, SDF-1α, YKL-40 \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Multiple Sclerosis Combo 1 (human) CTACK, Fractalkine, GRO-α, IL-7, IL-12/IL-23p40, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1β, MIP-3α \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX TBI Combo 1 (human) CD40L (soluble), Fractalkine, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, MCP-1, RANKL/TNFSF11, TNF-α, VEGF-D \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Chemokine Combo (mouse) IP-10, KC/GRO, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-2, MIP-3α \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX Chemokine Combo 1 (human) Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TARC \| Human Multiplex		NEW
U-PLEX Chemokine Combo 1 (mouse) IP-10, KC/GRO, MCP-1, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-2, MIP-3α \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX Chemokine Combo 1 (NHP) Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TARC \| Non-human primate Multiplex		NEW
U-PLEX Chemokine Combo 2 (human) CTACK, ENA-78, Fractalkine, GRO-α, I-309, I-TAC, MIF, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-5, SDF-1α \| Human Multiplex		NEW
U-PLEX Chemokine Combo 2 (mouse) 6CKine/CCL21, BCA-1/BLC, MCP-5/CCL12, RANTES, SDF-1α, TARC \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX Macrophage M1 Combo 1 (human) IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-18, IL-23, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Macrophage M1 Combo 1 (mouse) IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-23, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX Proinflam Combo 1 (human) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex		NEW
U-PLEX Proinflam Combo 1 (mouse) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IP-10, MCP-1, TNF-α \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX Proinflam Combo 1 (NHP) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, TNF-α \| Non-human primate Multiplex		NEW
U-PLEX Proinflam Combo 3 (human) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex		NEW
U-PLEX Proinflam Combo 4 (human) IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex		NEW
U-PLEX TH1/TH2 Combo (human) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex		NEW
U-PLEX TH1/TH2 Combo (NHP) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF-α \| Non-human primate Multiplex
U-PLEX TH17 Combo 1 (NHP) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-α \| Non-human primate Multiplex
U-PLEX TH17 Combo 2 (human) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX TH17 Combo 2 (mouse) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-17C, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, TNF-α \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX Viral Combo 1 (human) G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α, VEGF-A \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Viral Combo 1 (NHP) G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-α2a, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α, VEGF-A \| Non-human primate Multiplex
U-PLEX Adipokine Combo 1 (human) BDNF, β-NGF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, Insulin, Leptin, MCP-1, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Adipokine Combo 1 (mouse) BDNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, Insulin, Leptin, MCP-1, TNF-α \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX Metabolic Combo 2 (human) Adiponectin, ApoA1, ApoC3, Clusterin, CRP, DPPIV, NGAL/LCN2, RBP4, SHBG, sTfR-1 \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Metabolic Hormone Combo 1 (mouse) C-Peptide, Ghrelin (active), GLP-1 (active), Glucagon, IL-6, Insulin, Leptin, MCP-1, PYY (total), TNF-α \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX CAR-T Cell Efficacy Combo 1 (human) Granzyme B, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12p70, IP-10, Perforin, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX CAR-T Cell Safety Combo 1 (human) GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Inflammation Combo 1 (human) Complement C9, Complement factor D, CRP, ICAM-1, NGAL/LCN2, SAA, VCAM-1 \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Metastasis Combo 1 (human) E-Selectin, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9 (total), P-Selectin, VEGFR-1/Flt-1 \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Oncolysis Combo 1 (human) CTLA-4, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IL-1β, IL-2Rα, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, LAG3, MIP-1α, PD1 (epitope 1), TIGIT \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Vascular Injury Combo 1 (human) CRP, Factor VII, ICAM-1, SAA, VCAM-1 \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Proinflam Combo 2 (human) GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70 \| Human Multiplex		NEW
S-PLEX Custom Human Biomarkers Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
S-PLEX Proinflammatory Panel 1 (human) Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
R-PLEX Rat ICAM-1 Antibody Set ICAM-1 \| Rat
Human MCP-1 Antibody MCP-1 \| Human
Human MCP-4 Antibody MCP-4 \| Human
V-PLEX Custom Human Biomarkers 1 C-Peptide, CRP, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, FGF (basic), GIP (active), GLP-1 (active), Glucagon, GM-CSF, ICAM-1, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, Insulin, IP-10, Leptin, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, PlGF, PP, SAA, TARC, Tie-2, TNF-α, TNF-β, TSLP, VCAM-1, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-1/Flt-1 \| Human Multiplex
V-PLEX Custom Human Chemokine Panel 1 Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, IL-8, IL-8 (HA), IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TARC \| Human Multiplex
V-PLEX Custom NHP Biomarkers 1 C-Peptide, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, GIP (active), GLP-1 (active), Glucagon, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, Insulin, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, PP, TARC, TNF-β, VEGF-A \| Non-human primate Multiplex
V-PLEX Custom NHP Chemokine Panel 1 Eotaxin-3, IL-8, IL-8 (HA), IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TARC \| Non-human primate Multiplex
Chemokine Panel 1 (human) Gen. B Control Pack Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TARC \| Human
R-PLEX Mouse E-selectin Antibody Set E-Selectin \| Mouse
R-PLEX Mouse E-selectin Assay E-Selectin \| Mouse Singleplex
R-PLEX Mouse I-TAC Antibody Set I-TAC \| Mouse
R-PLEX Mouse I-TAC Assay I-TAC \| Mouse Singleplex
R-PLEX Human MMP-9 (active) Antibody Set MMP-9 (active) \| Human
R-PLEX Human MMP-9 (active) Assay MMP-9 (active) \| Human Singleplex
R-PLEX Mouse ICAM-1 Antibody Set ICAM-1 \| Mouse
R-PLEX Mouse VCAM-1 Antibody Set VCAM-1 \| Mouse
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Fetal-placental inflammation, but not adrenal activation, is associated with extreme preterm delivery.

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