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|Alzheimer's Disease and Neurological Disorders|Cellular Signaling|Cytokines|Immunogenicity|
|Metabolic Assays|Methods & Technology|Toxicology|Other Biomarkers|


Neurological Disorders

Enter author, analyte, or keyword to search publications.


NEW! Bech, S., Hjermind, L.E., Salvesen, L., Nielsen, J.E., Heegaard, N.H., Jørgensen, H.L., Rosengren, L., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H., Winge, K. (2011) Amyloid-related biomarkers and axonal damage proteins in parkinsonian syndromes. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2011 Aug 26. [Epub ahead of print].

Amyloid precursor protein, APP, APP-alpha, APP-beta, neurofilament protein, Copenhagen University Hospital



Analytes tested using MSD® assays: Soluble APPalpha, soluble APPbeta
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate a series of CSF biomarkers in patients at different stages of Parkinsonian syndromes (PS) to determine if these markers can differentiate between the different PS.
NEW! Kretner, B., Fukumori, A., Gutsmiedl, A., Page, R.M., Luebbers, T., Galley, G., Baumann, K., Haass, C., Steiner, H. (2011) Attenuated Abeta42 responses to low potency gamma-secretase modulators can be overcome for many pathogenic presenilin mutants by second-generation compounds. J Biol Chem. Vol. 286(17):15240-51.

Amyloid precursor protein, APP, Ab40, Ab-40, Aß40, Aß-40, Abeta-40, Ab38, Ab-38, Aß38, Aß-38, Abeta-38, Ab42, Ab-42, Aß42, Aß-42, Abeta-42, Ludwig-Maximilians-University



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta38, Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: Cell culture supernatants
Summary: In this study, several gamma-secretase mutations in the presenilin domain were analyzed with respect to their responses to first and second-generation gamma-secretase modulating compounds.
NEW! Kilger, E., Buehler, A., Woelfing, H., Kumar, S., Kaeser, S.A., Nagarathinam, A., Walter, J., Jucker, M., Coomaraswamy, J. (2011) BRI2 regulates ß-amyloid degradation by increasing levels of secreted insulin degrading enzyme (IDE). J Biol Chem. 2011 Aug 26. [Epub ahead of print]

Amyloid precursor protein, APP, Ab38, Ab-38, Aß38, Aß-38, Abeta-38, Ab40, Ab-40, Aß40, Aß-40, Abeta-40, Ab42, Ab-42, Aß42, Aß-42, Abeta-42, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta38, Abeta40, Abeta42 (MSD Human (6E10) Abeta-3-Plex Kit)
Matrix tested: Cell culture supernatants
Summary: This study investigated the effects of wild type British Precursor Protein 2 (BRI2) on amyloid plaque load in vivo in a mouse model and tested its effects on APP processing and APP metabolism in vitro in a cell model.
NEW! Mattsson, N., Andreasson, U., Persson, S., Arai, H., Batish, S.D., Bernardini, S., et al. (2011) The Alzheimer's Association external quality control program for cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Alzheimers Dement. Vol. 7(4):386-395.e6.

Amyloid beta peptides, Aß38, Aß-38, Ab38, Ab-38, Abeta-38, Aß40, Aß-40, Ab40, Ab-40, Abeta-40, Aß42, Aß-42, Ab42, Ab-42, Abeta-42, Alzheimer's disease, University of Gothenburg



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta38, Abeta40, Abeta42, total Tau
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Summary: This paper provides the results of a global quality control program aimed at determining the levels and sources of variability in Alzheimer's disease biomarker measurements between different studies, and between and within different laboratories.
NEW! Pamrén, A., Wanngren, J., Tjernberg, L.O., Winblad, B., Bhat, R., Näslund, J., Karlström, H. (2011) Mutations in nicastrin differentially affect amyloid ß-peptide production and notch processing. J Biol Chem. Vol. 286(36):31153-8.

Amyloid precursor protein, APP, Ab40, Ab-40, Aß40, Aß-40, Abeta-40, Karolinska Institute



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta40
Matrix tested: Cell culture supernatants
Summary: The aim of this study was to analyze site-specific mutations in Nicastrin—a part of the gamma-secretase complex—to find a means to inhibit the processing of amyloid precursor protein without affecting Notch pathway.
NEW! Rabe, S., Reichwald, J., Ammaturo, D., de Strooper, B., Saftig, P., Neumann, U., Staufenbiel, M. (2011) The Swedish APP mutation alters the effect of genetically reduced BACE1 expression on the APP processing. J Neurochem. Vol. 119(1):231-9.

Amyloid precursor protein, APP, Ab40, Ab-40, Aß40, Aß-40, Abeta-40, Ab42, Ab-42, Aß42, Aß-42, Abeta-42, Novartis



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Soluble APPalpha, soluble APPbeta, soluble APPbeta (Swedish), Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: Mouse brain homogenates
Summary: This study compared the differences in amyloid precursor protein processing between mouse models with non-mutated and Swedish mutated APP, and also tested the effect of knock-out of BACE1 gene on APP metabolites.
NEW! Steinacker, P., Fang, L., Kuhle, J., Petzold, A., Tumani, H., Ludolph, A.C., Otto, M., Brettschneider, J. (2011) Soluble Beta-Amyloid Precursor Protein Is Related to Disease Progression in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. PLoS One. Vol. 6(8):e23600.

Amyloid precursor protein, University of Ulm



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Soluble APPalpha, soluble APPbeta, neurofilaments (NfHSMI35)
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Summary: This study evaluated whether different CSF biomarkers including soluble forms of amyloid precursor proteins can correlate with and distinguish between clinical subgroups of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and be of prognostic relevance.
Beckmann, N., Gerard, C., Abramowski, D., Cannet, C., Staufenbiel, M. (2011) Noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging detection of cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related microvascular alterations using superparamagnetic iron oxide particles in APP transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease: application to passive Abeta immunotherapy. J Neurosci. Vol. 31(3):1023-31.

Amyloid precursor protein, amyloid beta peptides, APP, Aß40, Aß-40, Ab40, Ab-40, Abeta-40, Aß42, Aß-42, Ab42, Ab-42, Abeta-42, Alzheimer's disease



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: Transgenic mouse brain homogenates
Special Techniques: Amyloid beta peptides from mouse brains were extracted using formic acid
Summary: This study examined the feasibility of using MRI to non-invasively detect microvascular lesions related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. The ability to monitor the increase of such lesions in vivo during Abeta immunotherapy was addressed.
Capell, A., Liebscher, S., Fellerer, K., Brouwers, N., Willem, M., Lammich, S., Gijselinck, I., Bittner, T., Carlson, A.M., Sasse, F., Kunze, B., Steinmetz, H., Jansen, R., Dormann, D., Sleegers, K., Cruts, M., Herms, J., Van Broeckhoven, C., Haass, C. (2011) Rescue of progranulin deficiency associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration by alkalizing reagents and inhibition of vacuolar ATPase. J Neurosci. Vol. 31(5):1885-94.
Analytes tested using MSD assays: Progranulin
Matrix tested: Human and mouse cell culture medium
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate multiple compounds that can stimulate the production and/or secretion of progranulin, a protein with neurotrophic properties. Haploinsufficiency and decreased levels of progranilin has been related to high risk of familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).
Gabelle, A., Roche, S., Gény, C., Bennys, K., Labauge, P., Tholance, Y., Quadrio, I., Tiers, L., Gor, B., Boulanghien, J., Chaulet, C., Vighetto, A., Croisile, B., Krolak-Salmon, P., Perret-Liaudet, A., Touchon, J., Lehmann, S. (2011) Decreased sAßPPß, Aß38, and Aß40 Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels in Frontotemporal Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis. 2011 Jun 27. [Epub ahead of print].

Amyloid precursor protein, amyloid beta peptides, APP, Aß38, Aß-38, Ab38, Ab-38, Abeta-30, Aß40, Aß-40, Ab40, Ab-40, Abeta-40, Aß42, Aß-42, Ab42, Ab-42, Abeta-42, Alzheimer's disease, sAPP, sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPP?, sAPPß, APP-alpha, APP-beta, APP alpha, APP beta



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Soluble APPalpha, soluble APPbeta, Abeta38, Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Summary: This study examined several biomarkers including phosphorylated and total tau proteins, amyloid precursor proteins, and amyloid beta peptides in the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and non-demented controls.
Johansson, P., Mattsson, N., Hansson, O., Wallin, A., Johansson, J.O., Andreasson, U., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., Svensson, J. (2011) Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: Diagnostic Performance in a Homogeneous Mono-Center Population. J Alzheimers Dis. [Epub ahead of print].

Amyloid precursor protein, amyloid beta peptides, APP, Aß38, Aß-38, Ab38, Ab-38, Abeta-38, Aß40, Aß-40, Ab40, Ab-40, Abeta-40, Aß42, Aß-42, Ab42, Ab-42, Abeta-42, Alzheimer's disease, sAPP, sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPP?, sAPPß, APP-alpha, APP-beta, APP alpha, APP beta



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Soluble APPalpha, soluble APPbeta, Abeta38, Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Summary: This monocenter study examined the usability of different CSF biomarkers, including Abeta1-42, total tau, phosphorylated tau, Abeta (X-38), Abeta (X-40), Abeta (X-42), soluble APPalpha, and soluble APPbeta in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
Moghekar, A., Rao, S., Li, M., Ruben, D., Mammen, A., Tang, X., O'Brien, R.J. (2011) Large quantities of A{beta} peptide are constitutively released during amyloid precursor protein metabolism in Vivo and Vitro. J Biol Chem. 2011 Mar 22. [Epub ahead of print].

Alzheimer's disease, amyloid precursor protein



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Soluble APP-beta
Matrix tested: Cell culture supernatants
Summary: This study examined the metabolism of amyloid precursor protein and the production of amyloid beta peptides in vitro using rat neurons and confirmed the results in an in vivo analysis using pigs.
Schipke, C.G., Prokop, S., Heppner, F.L., Heuser, I., Peters, O. (2011) Comparison of immunosorbent assays for the quantification of biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in human cerebrospinal fluid. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. Vol. 31(2):139-45.

Amyloid precursor protein, amyloid beta peptides, APP, Aß40, Aß-40, Ab40, Ab-40, Abeta-40, Aß42, Aß-42, Ab42, Ab-42, Abeta-42, Alzheimer's disease, neurofibrillary tangles



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta40, Abeta42, total Tau
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Summary: This study evaluated assays from different vendors for the measurement of Alzheimer's disease related biomarkers in CSF. The authors noted the minimal sample size, cost-effectiveness, efficiency, and reliability of MSD assays for the determination of Abeta species and total Tau.
Tamboli, I.Y., Hampel, H., Tien, N.T., Tolksdorf, K., Breiden, B., Mathews, P.M., Saftig, P., Sandhoff, K., Walter, J. (2011) Sphingolipid storage affects autophagic metabolism of the amyloid precursor protein and promotes Abeta generation. J Neurosci. Vol. 31(5):1837-49.

Amyloid beta peptides, Aß38, Aß-38, Ab38, Ab-38, Abeta-38, Aß40, Aß-40, Ab40, Ab-40, Abeta-40, Aß42, Aß-42, Ab42, Ab-42, Abeta-42, Alzheimer's disease



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta38, Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: Cell culture medium
Summary: This study investigated the effect of accumulation of sphingolipids in endosomes and lysosomes on the metabolism of amyloid precursor protein.
Terwel, D., Steffensen, K.R., Verghese, P.B., Kummer, M.P., Gustafsson, J.Å., Holtzman, D.M., Heneka, M.T. (2011) Critical role of astroglial apolipoprotein E and liver X receptor-a expression for microglial Aß phagocytosis. J Neurosci. Vol. 31(19):7049-59.

Amyloid precursor protein, amyloid beta peptides, APP, Aß40, Aß-40, Ab40, Ab-40, Abeta-40, Aß42, Aß-42, Ab42, Ab-42, Abeta-42, Alzheimer's disease, sAPP, sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPP?, sAPPß, APP-alpha, APP-beta, APP alpha, APP beta



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Soluble APPalpha, soluble APPbeta, Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: Transgenic mouse brain homogenates
Summary: In this study, the beneficial effects of liver X receptor (LXR) agonists in Alzheimer's disease were tested in a mouse model.
Wiessner, C., Wiederhold, K.H., Tissot, A.C., Frey, P., Danner, S., Jacobson, L.H., Jennings, G.T., Lüönd, R., Ortmann, R., Reichwald, J., Zurini, M., Mir, A., Bachmann, M.F., Staufenbiel, M. (2011) The Second-Generation Active A{beta} Immunotherapy CAD106 Reduces Amyloid Accumulation in APP Transgenic Mice While Minimizing Potential Side Effects. J Neurosci. Vol. 31(25):9323-31.

Amyloid precursor protein, amyloid beta peptides, APP, Aß40, Aß-40, Ab40, Ab-40, Abeta-40, Aß42, Aß-42, Ab42, Ab-42, Abeta-42, Alzheimer's disease



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: Transgenic mouse brain homogenates
Summary: This paper reports the characterization of CAD106, a second generation Aß antibody vaccine designed to eliminate the side effects of the previous version. The vaccine was tested with regard to its ability to induce anti-Aß antibodies, reduce amyloid deposition in the brain, and block toxicity from Aß aggregates.
Alves, G., Bronnick, K., Aarsland, D., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H., Ballard, C., Kurz, M.W., Andreasson, U., Tysnes, O.B., Larsen, J.P., Mulugeta, E. (2010) CSF amyloid-{beta} and tau proteins, and cognitive performance, in early and untreated Parkinson's Disease: the Norwegian ParkWest study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010 Jun 14. [Epub ahead of print].

CSF, APP, amyloid precursor protein, Aß38, Aß-38, Ab38, Ab-38, Abeta-38, Aß40, Aß-40, Ab40, Ab-40, Abeta-40, Aß42, Aß-42, Ab42, Ab-42, Abeta-42



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta38, Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid
Summary: This study investigated whether Alzheimer's disease related biomarkers in CSF are altered in patients with early and untreated Parkinson's disease. Abeta peptides and tau protein were tested in CSF from 109 unmedicated, non-demented, Parkinson's disease patients, and were compared with those of 36 age-matched normal controls and 20 subjects with mild Alzheimer's disease.
Bjerke, M., Portelius, E., Minthon, L., Wallin, A., Anckarsater, H., Anckarsater, R., Andreasen, N., Zetterberg, H., Andreasson, U., Blennow, K. (2010) Confounding Factors Influencing Amyloid Beta Concentration in Cerebrospinal Fluid. International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. Vol. 2010, Article ID 986310, 11 pages.

amyloid precursor protein, Aß42, Aß-42, Ab42, Ab-42, Abeta-42



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta42
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Summary: In this study, the factors that impact the measurement of Abeta42 peptide, and may be responsible for inter-center variability in analytical results were examined. These include sample collection, processing, storage, adsorption to tube-walls, blood contamination, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, sample pretreatment and variation in immunoassay kits.
Cassar, S.C., Tovcimak, A.E., Rustay, N.R., Ellis, T.A., Hooker, B.A., Witte, D.G., Li, J., Buck, W.R., Scharf, D., Muller, U., Jeromin, A., Wang, K.K., Waring, J.F. (2010) Comparing levels of biochemical markers in CSF from cannulated and non-cannulated rats. J Neurosci Methods.
Analytes tested using MSD assays: Phosphorylated tau (Thr231), total tau, spectrin breakdown product (SBDP150)
Matrix tested: Rat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Summary: In this study, the effect cannulation on biomarker levels was examined in rats for the purpose of CSF withdrawal.
Coomaraswamy, J., Kilger, E., Wölfing, H., Schäfer, C., Kaeser, S.A., Wegenast-Braun, B.M., Hefendehl, J.K., Wolburg, H., Mazzella, M., Ghiso, J., Goedert, M., Akiyama, H., Garcia-Sierra, F., Wolfer, D.P., Mathews, P.M., Jucker, M. (2010) Modeling familial Danish dementia in mice supports the concept of the amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Vol. 107(17):7969-74.

amyloid beta, Aß40, Aß-40, Ab40, Ab-40, Abeta-40, Aß42, Aß-42, Ab42, Ab-42, Abeta-42, amyloid precursor protein



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: Transgenic mouse brain homogenates
Special Techniques: Mouse brains were homogenized in Diethanolamine containing buffer
Summary: This study investigated the pathogenesis of Familial Danish Dementia (FDD) by generating transgenic mice that overexpress the Danish mutant form of BRI2 (ADan precursor protein) and cross-breeding TauP301S transgenic mice. Familial Danish dementia (FDD) is a neurodegenerative disease with similar pathological characteristics to Alzheimer's disease.
Czvitkovich, S., Duller, S., Mathiesen, E., Lorenzoni, K., Imbimbo, B.P., Hutter-Paier, B., Windisch, M., Wronski, R. (2010) Comparison of Pharmacological Modulation of APP Metabolism in Primary Chicken Telencephalic Neurons and in a Human Neuroglioma Cell Line. J Mol Neurosci. 2010 Jul 6. [Epub ahead of print].

amyloid beta, Aß38, Aß-38, Ab38, Ab-38, Abeta-38, Aß40, Aß-40, Ab40, Ab-40, Abeta-40, Aß42, Aß-42, Ab42, Ab-42, Abeta-42, amyloid precursor protein



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta38, Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: Primary chicken telencephalic neuronal culture supernatants, human neuroglioma H4 cell culture supernatants
Summary: The focus of this study was to compare compounds that interfere with APP processing in primary chicken telencephalic neurons and a human neuroglioma cell line overexpressing human APP695 with the Swedish double mutation as cell culture models. The inhibitors and modulators of APP cleavage were administered and effects on beta amyloid formation were evaluated.
Fang, L., Teuchert, M., Huber-Abel, F., Schattauer, D., Hendrich, C., Dorst, J., Zettlmeissel, H., Wlaschek, M., Scharffetter-Kochanek, K., Kapfer, T., Tumani, H., Ludolph, A.C., Brettschneider, J. (2010) MMP-2 and MMP-9 are elevated in spinal cord and skin in a mouse model of ALS. Neurol Sci. Vol. 294(1-2):51-6. Epub 2010 May 4.

Interleukin, IL1b, IL-1b, IL1beta, IL-1ß, IL1ß, tumor necrosis factor, TNFa, TNF-a, TNF-a, TNFa, TNFalpha, Matrix metalloproteinases, transgenic SOD1(G93A) mice



Analytes tested using MSD assays: IL-1beta, TNF-alpha
Matrix tested: Mouse spinal cord and skin tissue homogenates
Summary: The aim of this study was to test whether gelatinase MMPs such as MMP-2 and MMP-9 are a probable link between neurodegeneration and skin pathology in cases of with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The mechanisms affecting MMP in ALS were tested by determining the relation of MMP to markers of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines.
Gao, C.M., Yam, A.Y., Wang, X., Magdangal, E., Salisbury, C., Peretz, D., Zuckermann, R.N., Connolly, M.D., Hansson, O., Minthon, L., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., Fedynyshyn, J.P. Allauzen, S. (2010) Aß40 Oligomers Identified as a Potential Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. PLoS One. Vol. 5(12): e15725.

amyloid beta, Aß40, Aß-40, Ab40, Ab-40, Abeta-40, Aß42, Aß-42, Ab42, Ab-42, Abeta-42, amyloid precursor protein, Novartis



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta40 and Abeta42 oligomers
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid
Summary: In this study, MSD multiplex assays have been used together with a novel assay called the misfolded protein assay (MPA), to detect circulating Abeta40 oligomers from Alzheimer's disease CSF. The possibility of using Abeta oligomers as a biomarker in predicting Alzheimer's disease progression has been discussed in this paper.
Grueninger, F., Bohrmann, B., Czech, C., Ballard, T.M., Frey, J.R., Weidensteiner, C., von Kienlin, M., Ozmen, L. (2010) Phosphorylation of Tau at S422 is enhanced by Abeta in TauPS2APP triple transgenic mice. Neurobiol Dis. Vol. 37(2):294-306. Epub 2009 Sep 23.

Alzheimer's disease, Transgenic, amyloid beta, amyloid precursor protein, APP



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Phospho Tau (Ser422), Phospho Tau (Thr231), total Tau
Matrix tested: Mouse brain homogenates
Summary: In this paper, a triple transgenic mouse model was generated harboring mutations in tau, presenilin 2 and amyloid precursor protein, and was characterized by cross-sectional analysis at different time points.
Hage, S., Kienlen-Campard, P., Octave, J.N., Quetin-Leclercq, J. (2010) In vitro screening on beta-amyloid peptide production of plants used in traditional medicine for cognitive disorders. J Ethnopharmacol.

Aß38, Aß-38, Ab38, Ab-38, Abeta-38, Aß40, Aß-40, Ab40, Ab-40, Abeta-40, Aß42, Aß-42, Ab42, Ab-42, Abeta-42, APP, Benin, Madagascar, Centella asiatica, Cissampelos owariensis, Heteranthera callifolia, Oldenlandia affinis, Parkia biglobosa, Prosopis Africana, Pterocarpus erinaceus, Rauwolfia vomitoria, Trichilia emetica



Analytes tested using MSD assays:Abeta38, Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: Cell culture supernatants
Summary: In this study, the extracts from a series of plants that are traditionally used for the treatment of cognitive disorders were tested to determine their action on amyloid precursor protein metabolism and Abeta peptide production.
Hall, A., Elliott, R.L., Giblin, G.M., Hussain, I., Musgrave, J., Naylor, A., Sasse, R., Smith, B. (2010) Piperidine-derived gamma-secretase modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. Vol. 20(3):1306-11.

Abeta40, Aß40, A-beta40, A-ß40, Abeta 40, Aß 40, Ab40, Abeta42, Aß42, A-beta42, A-ß42, Abeta 42, Aß 42, Ab42, gamma secretase inhibitor, beta secretase



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: SHSY5Y human neuroblast cell lysates
Jesse, S., Steinacker, P., Lehnert, S., Sdzuj, M., Cepek, L., Tumani, H., Jahn, O., Schmidt, H., Otto, M. (2010) A Proteomic Approach for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Meningitis. PLoS One. 2010; 5(4): e10079.

APP, amyloid precursor protein, sAPP, sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPPa, sAPPß, APP-alpha, APP-beta, APP alpha, APP beta, CSF



Analytes tested using MSD assays: soluble APPalpha, soluble APPbeta
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid
Kounnas, M.Z., Danks, A.M., Cheng, S., Tyree, C., Ackerman, E,, Zhang, X., Ahn, K., Nguyen, P., Comer, D., Mao, L., Yu, C., Pleynet, D., Digregorio, P.J., Velicelebi, G., Stauderman, K.A., Comer, W.T., Mobley, W.C., Li, Y.M., Sisodia, S.S., Tanzi, R.E., Wagner, S.L. (2010) Modulation of gamma-secretase reduces beta-amyloid deposition in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuron. Vol. 67(5):769-80.

amyloid beta, Aß38, Aß-38, Ab38, Ab-38, Abeta-38, Aß40, Aß-40, Ab40, Ab-40, Abeta-40, Aß42, Aß-42, Ab42, Ab-42, Abeta-42, amyloid precursor protein



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta38, Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: Transgenic mouse brain cell culture supernatants
Summary: The aim of this study was to identify orally bioavailable small molecule modulators of gamma-secretase. The compounds were initially screened using a cell-based assay that tested for compounds which lowered Abeta42 peptide levels without inhibiting Notch processing. The potent compounds were further tested for efficacy in transgenic mice.
Kuhle, J., Regeniter, A., Leppert, D., Mehling, M., Kappos, L., Lindberg, R.L., Petzold, A. (2010) A highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for the neurofilament heavy chain protein. J Neuroimmunol. Vol. 220(1-2):114-9.

NfH, MS, ALS, Guillain–Barre syndrome, MCI, MCI/AD



Analytes tested using MSD assays: User developed assay for Neurofilament heavy chain protein (NfHSMI35) on MSD bare plates
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Summary: In this study, an MSD assay was developed to measure the soluble fraction of NfHSMI35 in CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and mild cognitive impairment / Alzheimer's disease to test whether it is a biomarker for neurodegeneration. The antibodies used in the MSD assay have been previously used in a conventional ELISA. The authors noted the high sensitivity, precision, accuracy and the requirement for minimal sample volumes in the MSD assay.
Lewczuk, P., Kamrowski-Kruck, H., Peters, O., Heuser, I., Jessen, F., Popp, J., Bürger, K., Hampel, H., Frölich, L., Wolf, S., Prinz, B., Jahn, H., Luckhaus, C., Perneczky, R., Hüll, M., Schröder, J., Kessler, H., Pantel, J., Gertz, H.J., Klafki, H.W., Kölsch, H., Reulbach, U. Esselmann, H., Maler, J.M., Bibl, M., Kornhuber, J., Wiltfang, J. (2010) Soluble amyloid precursor proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid as novel potential biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: a multicenter study. Mol Psychiatry. Vol. 15(2):138-45.

APP, amyloid precursor protein, sAPP, sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPPa, sAPPß, APP-alpha, APP-beta, APP alpha, APP beta



Analytes tested using MSD assays: soluble APPalpha, soluble APPbeta
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid
Note: This is a clinical study for the identification of diagnostic biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease
Luheshi, L.M., Hoyer, W., de Barros, T.P., Hard, I.V., Brorsson, A., Macao, B., Persson, C., Crowther, D.C., Lomas, D.A., Stahl, S., Dobson, C.M., Hard, T. (2010) Sequestration of the Aß Peptide Prevents Toxicity and Promotes Degradation In Vivo. PLoS Biol. 2010 March; 8(3): e1000334.

Abeta42, Aß42, A-beta42, A-ß42, Abeta 42, Aß 42, Ab42, affibody, binding protein



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta42
Matrix tested: Drosophila brain lysates
Special Techniques: Guanidine hydrochloride extraction
Mattsson, N., Bremell, D., Anckarsater, R., Blennow, K., Anckarsater, H., Zetterberg, H., Hagberg, L. (2010) Neuroinflammation in Lyme neuroborreliosis affects amyloid metabolism. BMC Neurol. Vol. 10:51.

amyloid beta, sAPPa, sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPPß, amyloid precursor protein



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Aß38, Aß40, Aß42, sAPPalpha, sAPPbeta
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Summary: In this study, CSF markers of amyloid metabolism and neural cell damage were measured in patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) to elucidate the influence of neuroinflammation on amyloid metabolism.
Mattsson, N., Johansson, P., Hansson, O., Wallin, A., Johansson, J.O., Andreasson, U., Andersen, O., Haghighi, S., Olsson, M., Stridsberg, M., Svensson, J., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H. (2010) Converging pathways of chromogranin and amyloid metabolism in the brain. J Alzheimers Dis. Vol. 20(4):1039-49.

amyloid beta, Aß38, Aß-38, Ab38, Ab-38, Abeta-38, Aß40, Aß-40, Ab40, Ab-40, Abeta-40, Aß42, Aß-42, Ab42, Ab-42, Abeta-42, amyloid precursor protein, BACE1, chromogranin, regulated secretory pathway, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPPalpha, sAPPbeta, sAPPa, sAPPß, APP



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta38, Abeta40, Abeta42, sAPPalpha, sAPPbeta
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Summary: This study investigated the metabolism of amyloid precursor protein in relation of chromogranin (Cg) peptides, to understand whether APP processing occurs in the regulated secretory pathway of neurons. Cg peptides are considered as biomarkers of the secretory pathway.
Mattsson, N., Sävman, K., Osterlundh, G., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H. (2010) Converging molecular pathways in human neural development and degeneration. Neurosci Res. Vol. 66(3):330-2. Epub 2009 Dec 2.

Neonatal, amyloid precursor protein, sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPPalpha, sAPPbeta, sAPPa, sAPPß, APP



Analytes tested using MSD assays: sAPPalpha, sAPPbeta
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Summary: The focus of this paper was to determine the levels of Tau and Abeta42 in CSF of neonatal infants and young children, and indicated the activation of similar pathways in human neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration.
Mattsson, N., Zetterberg, H. Bianconi, S., Yanjanin, N.M., Fu, R., Mansson, J.E., Porter, F.D., Blennow, K. (2010) {gamma}-Secretase-dependent amyloid-{beta} is increased in Niemann-Pick type C: A cross-sectional study. Neurology. 2010 Dec 29. [Epub ahead of print].

APP, amyloid precursor protein, sAPP, sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPP?, sAPPß, APP-alpha, APP-beta, APP alpha, APP beta, University of Gothenburg, Molndal



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Soluble APPalpha, soluble APPbeta
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Summary: In this study, the effect of altered neuronal lipid homeostasis on Abeta metabolism was investigated in a group of well-characterized patients with Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) and the results were compared to age- and sex matched controls.
Mulugeta, E., Londos, E., Ballard, C., Alves, G., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., Skogseth, R., Minthon, L., Aarsland, D. (2010) CSF amyloid {beta}38 as a novel diagnostic marker for dementia with Lewy bodies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010 Nov 3. [Epub ahead of print]

CSF, APP, amyloid precursor protein, Aß38, Aß-38, Ab38, Ab-38, Abeta-38, Aß40, Aß-40, Ab40, Ab-40, Abeta-40, Aß42, Aß-42, Ab42, Ab-42, Abeta-42



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta38, Abeta40, Abeta42 (MSD Human/Rodent Abeta Triplex kit)
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid
Summary: The focus of this study was to examine whether Abeta38 peptide by itself or in combination with other markers could distinguish between mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) by testing a large sample size including probable DLB, probable AD, probable Parkinson's disease dementia and non-demented controls.
Oh, E.S., Mielke, M.M., Rosenberg, P.B., Jain, A., Fedarko, N.S., Lyketsos, C.G., Mehta, P.D. (2010) Comparison of conventional ELISA with electrochemiluminescence technology for detection of amyloid-ß in plasma. J Alzheimers Dis. Vol. 21(3):769-73.

amyloid beta, Aß38, Aß-38, Ab38, Ab-38, Abeta-38, Aß40, Aß-40, Ab40, Ab-40, Abeta-40, Aß42, Aß-42, Ab42, Ab-42, Abeta-42, amyloid precursor protein



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta38, Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: Human plasma
Summary: This study compared the MSD platform with a validated ELISA for measuring beta amyloid peptides in human plasma. The results showed a modest correlation of MSD assay with ELISA. The MSD platform was noted to be more cost and time efficient, and used less sample volume than the ELISA.
Page, R.M., Gutsmiedl, A., Fukumori, A., Winkler, E., Haass, C., Steiner, H. (2010) Beta-amyloid precursor protein mutants respond to gamma-secretase modulators. J Biol Chem. Vol. 285(23):17798-810.

amyloid beta, Aß38, Aß-38, Ab38, Ab-38, Abeta-38, Aß40, Aß-40, Ab40, Ab-40, Abeta-40, Aß42, Aß-42, Ab42, Ab-42, Abeta-42, amyloid precursor protein



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta38, Abeta40, Abeta42, total Abeta peptide
Matrix tested: Conditioned cell culture medium
Summary: In this study, several mutations in different positions of the APP transmembrane domain were examined to understand the cleavage mechanism of gamma-secretase and the mode of action of gamma-secretase modulators.
Paris, D., Ganey, N.J., Laporte, V., Patel, N.S., Beaulieu-Abdelahad, D., Bachmeier, C., March, A., Ait-Ghezala, G., Mullan, M.J. (2010) Reduction of beta-amyloid pathology by celastrol in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation. Vol. 7:17.

Abeta38, Aß38, A-beta38, A-ß38, Abeta 38, Aß 38, Ab38, Abeta40, Aß40, A-beta40, A-ß40, Abeta 40, Aß 40, Ab40, Abeta42, Aß42, A-beta42, A-ß42, Abeta 42, Aß 42, Ab42, amyloid precursor protein



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Aß38, Aß40, Aß42
Matrix tested: Mouse brain homogenates
Special Techniques: Mouse brains were homogenized by sonication in MPER reagent containing 1 mM PMSF, 100 mM sodium orthovanadate and protease inhibitors. After centrifugation, the supernatant containing soluble Aß was treated with 5 M guanidine isothiocyanate and the pellet containing insoluble Aß was dissolved in 5 M guanidine isothiocyanate.
Portelius, E., Dean, R.A., Gustavsson, M.K., Andreasson, U., Zetterberg, H., Siemers, E., Blennow, K. (2010) A novel Aß isoform pattern in CSF reflects g-secretase inhibition in Alzheimer disease. Alzheimers Res Ther. Vol. 2: 7.

sAPP, sAPPa, sAPPß, sAPPa, sAPPb, amyloid precursor protein



Analytes tested using MSD assays: soluble APPalpha, soluble APPbeta
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Summary: This study tested whether shorter Abeta isoforms such as Abeta1-16 peptide can serve as indicators of gamma-secretase inhibition so that they can be used as biomarkers in clinical trials of gamma-secretase inhibitors.
Schieb, H., Weidlich, S., Schlechtingen, G., Linning, P., Jennings, G., Gruner, M., Wiltfang, J., Klafki, H.W., Knolker, H.J. (2010) Structural design, solid-phase synthesis and activity of membrane-anchored ß-secretase inhibitors on Aß generation from wild-type and Swedish-mutant APP. Chemistry. Vol. 16(48):14412-23.

APP, amyloid precursor protein, Aß38, Aß-38, Ab38, Ab-38, Abeta-38, Aß40, Aß-40, Ab40, Ab-40, Abeta-40, Aß42, Aß-42, Ab42, Ab-42, Abeta-42, Alzheimer's disease, lipid rafts, membranes, beta-secretase inhibition, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta38, Abeta40, Abeta42 (MSD Human (6E10) Abeta 40 Kit and MSD Human (6E10) Abeta 3-Plex Abeta38/40/42 Kit)
Matrix tested: SH-SY5Y cell culture supernatants
Summary: This study describes the synthesis and subsequent characterization of several tripartite structure compounds containing beta-secretase inhibitors that are covalently linked to a raftophilic lipid anchor through an appropriate spacer. The aim of using such tripartite structures is to obtain better potency of the membrane targeted inhibitor as compared to the free inhibitor.
Selnes, P., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H., Grambaite, R., Rosengren, L., Johnsen, L., Stenset, V., Fladby, T. (2010) Effects of cerebrovascular disease on amyloid precursor protein metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res. Vol. 7:10.

sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPPalpha, sAPPbeta, sAPPa, sAPPß, APP, amyloid precursor protein, Aß38, Aß-38, Ab38, Ab-38, Abeta-38, Aß40, Aß-40, Ab40, Ab-40, Abeta-40, Aß42, Aß-42, Ab42, Ab-42, Abeta-42



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Soluble APPalpha, soluble APPbeta, Abeta38, Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Summary: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of small vessel disease (SVD) of the brain, one of the major causes of dementia, on APP metabolism. This was done by measuring the levels of APP metabolites in patients with a range of white matter lesions in the brain, an established marker for SVD.
Sjolander, A., Zetterberg, H., Andreasson, U., Minthon, L., Blennow, K. (2010) BACE1 gene variants do not influence BACE1 activity, levels of APP or Aß isoforms in CSF in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener. Vol. 5: 37.

amyloid beta, Aß40, Aß-40, Ab40, Ab-40, Abeta-40, amyloid precursor protein, sAPPa, sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPPß, single nucleotide polymorphism, rs2069456, sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPPalpha, sAPPbeta, sAPPa, sAPPß, APP



Analytes tested using MSD assays: sAPPalpha, sAPPbeta, Abeta40
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Summary: This study tested the effects of gene variants of beta secretase on its activity and correlated the genotype data with levels of amyloid beta peptides and tau protein in CSF from AD patients.
Stomrud, E., Bjorkqvist, M., Janciauskiene, S., Minthon, L., Hansson, O. (2010) Alterations of matrix metalloproteinases in healthy elderly with increased risk of prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther. Vol. 2(3):20. [Epub ahead of print].

amyloid beta, matrix metalloproteinase, amyloid precursor protein



Analytes tested using MSD assays: MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9, TIMP-1
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Summary: In this study, the CSF levels of MMPs and TIMP-1 were measured in individuals with AD dementia and cognitively healthy elderly individuals to investigate their relationship with established CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease.
von Einem, B., Schwanzar, D., Rehn, F., Beyer, A., Weber, P., Wagner, M., Schneckenburger, H., von Arnim, C.A.F. (2010) The role of low-density receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) as a competitive substrate of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) for BACE1. Experimental Neurology. Epub ahead of print.

sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPPalpha, sAPPbeta, sAPPa, sAPPß, APP, amyloid precursor protein, Aß38, Aß-38, Ab38, Ab-38, Abeta-38, Aß40, Aß-40, Ab40, Ab-40, Abeta-40, Aß42, Aß-42, Ab42, Ab-42, Abeta-42



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta38, Abeta40, Abeta42, soluble APPalpha, soluble APPbeta
Matrix tested: Cell culture supernatants
Summary: This study investigated whether low-density receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) acts as a competitive substrate for beta secretase, similar to APP. The effect of LRP1 co-expression on the cleavage of APP by BACE was tested as well as the effect of APP co-expression on the cleavage of LRP1 was examined.
Wanngren, J., Frånberg, J., Svensson, A.I., Laudon, H., Olsson, F., Winblad, B., Liu, F., Näslund, J., Lundkvist, J., Karlström, H. (2010) The large hydrophilic loop of presenilin 1 is important for regulating gamma-secretase complex assembly and dictating the amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) Profile without affecting Notch processing. J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 19;285(12):8527-36. Epub 2010 Jan 27.

Abeta38, Aß38, A-beta38, A-ß38, Abeta 38, Aß 38, Ab38, Abeta40, Aß40, A-beta40, A-ß40, Abeta 40, Aß 40, Ab40, Abeta42, Aß42, A-beta42, A-ß42, Abeta 42, Aß 42, Ab42



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta38, Abeta40, Abeta42, total Abeta
Matrix tested: Cell culture medium
Winkler, D.., Abramowski, D., Danner, S., Zurini, M., Paganetti, P., Tolnay, M., Staufenbiel, M. (2010) Rapid Cerebral Amyloid Binding by Abeta Antibodies Infused into beta-Amyloid Precursor Protein Transgenic Mice. Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Mar 30. [Epub ahead of print].

amyloid beta, Aß40, Aß-40, Ab40, Ab-40, Abeta-40, Aß42, Aß-42, Ab42, Ab-42, Abeta-42, amyloid precursor protein



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: Transgenic mouse plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and brain supernatants
Summary: This study evaluated the acute cerebral and peripheral effects of intravenous Abeta antibody infusion into APP-Swedish and APP-wildtype transgenic mice at pre-plaque and plaque-bearing age.
Eisele, Y.S., Bolmont, T., Heikenwalder, M., Langer, F., Jacobson, L.H., Yan, Z.X., Roth, K., Aguzzi, A., Staufenbiel, M., Walker, L.C., Jucker, M. (2009) Induction of cerebral beta-amyloidosis: intracerebral versus systemic Abeta inoculation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Vol. 106(31):12926-31.

Abeta38, Aß38, A-beta38, A-ß38, Abeta 38, Aß 38, Ab38, Abeta40, Aß40, A-beta40, A-ß40, Abeta 40, Aß 40, Ab40, Abeta42, Aß42, A-beta42, A-ß42, Abeta 42, Aß 42, Ab42



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta38, Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: Transgenic mouse brain extracts
Special Techniques: Formic acid extraction
Gabelle, A., Roche, S., Geny, C., Bennys, K., Labauge, P., Tholance, Y., Quadrio, I., Tiers, L., Gor, B., Chaulet, C., Vighetto, A., Croisile, B., Krolak-Salmon, P., Touchon, J., Perret-Liaudet, A., Lehmann, S. (2009) Correlations between soluble a/ß forms of amyloid precursor protein and Aß38, 40, and 42 in human cerebrospinal fluid. Brain Res. Vol. 1357:175-83.

amyloid beta, Aß38, Aß-38, Ab38, Ab-38, Abeta-38, Aß40, Aß-40, Ab40, Ab-40, Abeta-40, Aß42, Aß-42, Ab42, Ab-42, Abeta-42, amyloid precursor protein, BACE1, chromogranin, regulated secretory pathway, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPPalpha, sAPPbeta, sAPPa, sAPPß, APP, dementia



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta38, Abeta40, Abeta42 (MSD Human Abeta 3-Plex kit), sAPPalpha, sAPPbeta (MSD sAPPalpha/sAPPbeta duplex kit)
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Summary: The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the production of different sAPP fragments and amyloid beta peptides in a population of neurochemical dementia diagnostic (NDD). Multiplex measurement of sAPPalpha, sAPPbeta and the different Abeta peptides were done to correlate the relationship of these molecular markers with the pathology of the disease
Fagan, A.M., Mintun, M.A., Shah, A.R., Aldea, P., Roe, C.M., Mach, R.H., Marcus, D., Morris, J.C., Holtzman, D.M. (2009) Cerebrospinal fluid tau and ptau(181) increase with cortical amyloid deposition in cognitively normal individuals: implications for future clinical trials of Alzheimer's disease. EMBO Mol Med. Vol. 1(8-9):371-80.

Abeta38, Aß38, A-beta38, A-ß38, Abeta 38, Aß 38, Ab38, CSF



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta38
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid
Grathwohl, S.A., Kälin, R.E., Bolmont, T., Prokop, S., Winkelmann, G., Kaeser, S.A., Odenthal, J., Radde, R., Eldh, T., Gandy, S., Aguzzi, A., Staufenbiel, M., Mathews, P.M., Wolburg,H., Heppner, F.L., Jucker, M. (2009) Formation and maintenance of Alzheimer's disease beta-amyloid plaques in the absence of microglia. Nat Neurosci. 12(11):1361-3.

Abeta38, Aß38, A-beta38, A-ß38, Abeta 38, Aß 38, Ab38, Abeta40, Aß40, A-beta40, A-ß40, Abeta 40, Aß 40, Ab40, Abeta42, Aß42, A-beta42, A-ß42, Abeta 42, Aß 42, Ab42



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta38, Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: Transgenic mouse brain extracts
Special Techniques: Formic acid extraction of lysates
Gisslén, M., Krut, J., Andreasson, U., Blennow, K., Cinque, P., Brew, B.J., Spudich, S., Hagberg, L., Rosengren, L., Price, R.W., Zetterberg, H. (2009) Amyloid and tau cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in HIV infection. BMC Neurol. Vol. 9: 63.

APP, amyloid precursor protein, sAPP, sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPPa, sAPPß, APP-alpha, APP-beta, APP alpha, APP beta, CSF



Analytes tested using MSD assays: soluble APPalpha, soluble APPbeta
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid
Note: Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers related to amyloid and tau metabolism were measured in HIV-infected patients
Hansson, S.F., Andréasson, U., Wall, M., Skoog, I., Andreasen, N., Wallin, A., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K. (2009) Reduced levels of amyloid-beta-binding proteins in cerebrospinal fluid from Alzheimer's disease patients. J Alzheimers Dis. Vol. 16(2):389-97.

Abeta38, Aß38, A-beta38, A-ß38, Abeta 38, Aß 38, Ab38, Abeta40, Aß40, A-beta40, A-ß40, Abeta 40, Aß 40, Ab40, Abeta42, Aß42, A-beta42, A-ß42, Abeta 42, Aß 42, Ab42, CSF



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta38, Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid
Note: Abeta binding proteins in cerebrospinal fluid were examined to determine if they play a role in preventing Alzheimer's disease
Holmes, C., Cunningham, C., Zotova, E., Woolford, J., Dean, C., Kerr, S., Culliford, D., Perry, V.H. (2009) Systemic inflammation and disease progression in Alzheimer disease. Neurology, Vol. 73:768-774.

TNF-a, TNFa, TNF-a, TNF-a, TNFalpha



Analytes tested using MSD assays: TNF-alpha
Matrix tested: Human serum
Note: Study tests the effect of inflammation associated with Alzheimer's disease
Klafki, H.W., Lewczuk, P., Kamrowski-Kruck, H., Maler, J.M., Müller, K., Peters, O., Heuser, I., Jessen, F., Popp, J., Frölich, L., Wolf, S., Prinz, B., Luckhaus, C., Schröder, J., Pantel, J., Gertz, H.J., Kölsch, H., Müller, B.W., Esselmann, H., Bibl, M., Kornhuber, J., Wiltfang, J. (2009) Measurement of ERK 1/2 in CSF from Patients with Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Evidence for the Presence of the Activated Form. Alzheimers Dis. 2009 Jul 20. [Epub ahead of print].
Analytes tested using MSD assays: Phospho ERK (T/Y:202/2046; 185/187), Total ERK1/2 assays
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid
Mattsson, N., Axelsson, M., Haghighi, S., Malmeström, C., Wu, G., Anckarsäter, R., Sankaranarayanan, S., Andreasson, U., Fredrikson, S., Gundersen, A., Johnsen, L., Fladby, T., Tarkowski, A., Trysberg, E., Wallin, A., Anckarsäter, H., Lycke, J., Andersen, O., Simon, A.J., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H. (2009) Reduced cerebrospinal fluid BACE1 activity in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. Vol. 15(4):448-54.

APP, amyloid precursor protein, sAPP, sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPPa, sAPPß, APP-alpha, APP-beta, APP alpha, APP beta, CSF



Analytes tested using MSD assays: soluble APPalpha, soluble APPbeta
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid
McLeod, J., Curtis, N., Lewis, H.D., Good, M.A., Fagan, M.J., Genever, P.G. (2009) {gamma}-Secretase-dependent cleavage of amyloid precursor protein regulates osteoblast behavior.FASEB J. Vol. 23(9):2942-55.

Abeta40, Aß40, A-beta40, A-ß40, Abeta 40, Aß 40, Ab40, Abeta42, Aß42, A-beta42, A-ß42, Abeta 42, Aß 42, Ab42



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta40, Abeta42 (customer developed assays on MSD avidin plate)
Matrix tested: Culture medium from human multipotent stromal cells / mesenchymal stem cells
Portelius, E., Brinkmalm, G., Tran, A., Andreasson, U., Zetterberg, H., Westman-Brinkmalm, A., Blennow, K., Ohrfelt, A. (2009) Identification of novel N-terminal fragments of amyloid precursor protein in cerebrospinal fluid. Experimental Neurology [Epub ahead of print].
Note: In this study, sAPPalpha standard was obtained from MSD sAPPalpha assay kit to be used in Western Blot
Rival, R., Page, R.M., Chandraratna, D.S., Sendall, T.J., Ryder, E., Liu, B., Lewis, H., Rosahl, T., Hider, R., Camargo, L.M., Shearman, M.S., Crowther, D.C., Lomas, D.A. (2009) Fenton chemistry and oxidative stress mediate the toxicity of the ß-amyloid peptide in a Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Nuroscience. Vol. 29(7): 1335-1347.

Abeta40, Aß40, A-beta40, A-ß40, Abeta 40, Aß 40, Ab40, Abeta42, Aß42, A-beta42, A-ß42, Abeta 42, Aß 42, Ab42



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta42 (customer developed assays on MSD plate)
Matrix tested: Drosophila brain extracts
Steinacker, P., Hendrich, C., Sperfeld, A.D., Jesse, S., Lehnert, S., Pabst, A., von Arnim, C.A., Mottaghy, F.M., Uttner, I., Tuman, H., Ludolph, A., Otto, M. (2009) Concentrations of beta-amyloid precursor protein processing products in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. J Neural Transm. 116(9):1169-78. Epub 2009 Aug 1.

Abeta38, Aß38, A-beta38, A-ß38, Abeta 38, Aß 38, Ab38, Abeta40, Aß40, A-beta40, A-ß40, Abeta 40, Aß 40, Ab40, Abeta42, Aß42, A-beta42, A-ß42, Abeta 42, Aß 42, Ab42, APP, amyloid precursor protein, sAPP, sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPPa, sAPPß, APP-alpha, APP-beta, APP alpha, APP beta, CSF



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta38, Abeta40, Abeta42, soluble APPalpha, soluble APPbeta
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid
Steinkellner, H., Scheiber-Mojdehkar, B., Goldenberg, H., Sturm, B. (2009) A high throughput electrochemiluminescence assay for the quantification of frataxin protein levels. Anal Chim Acta.Vol. 659(1-2):129-32.

Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease, CSF



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Customer developed assay on MSD High Bind plates to measure Frataxin protein levels
Matrix tested: Human lymphoblast cell lysates, human fibroblast cell lysates, HeLa cell lysates, mouse liver cell lysates, mouse brain lysates
Vetrivel, K.S., Meckler, X., Chen, Y., Nguyen, P.D., Seidah, N.G., Vassar, R., Wong, P.C., Fukata, M., Kounnas, M.Z. Thinakaran, G. (2009) Alzheimer Disease A{beta} Production in the Absence of S-Palmitoylation-dependent Targeting of BACE1 to Lipid Rafts. J Biol Chem. Vol. 284(6):3793-803.

APP, amyloid precursor protein, sAPP, sAPPb, sAPPß, APP-beta, APP beta



Analytes tested using MSD assays: soluble APPbeta assay
Matrix tested: Cell culture supernatants
Welge V, Fiege O, Lewczuk P, Mollenhauer B, Esselmann H, Klafki HW, Wolf S, Trenkwalder C, Otto M, Kornhuber J, Wiltfang J, Bibl M. (2009) Combined CSF tau, p-tau181 and amyloid-beta 38/40/42 for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm. Vol. 116(2):203-12.

Abeta38, Aß38, A-beta38, A-ß38, Abeta 38, Aß 38, Ab38



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta38 assay
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid
Winkler, E., Hobson, S., Fukumori, A., Dümpelfeld, B., Luebbers, T., Baumann, K., Haass, C., Hopf, C., Steiner, H. (2009) Purification, pharmacological modulation, and biochemical characterization of interactors of endogenous human gamma-secretase. Biochemistry. 2009 Feb 17;48(6):1183-97.

Amyloid precursor protein, APP, Abeta, Gamma secretase, g-secretase



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Antibodies for Abeta peptides were purchased from MSD
Matrix tested: Assay buffer
Special Techniques: In vitro gamma-secretase assays were done using a recombinant APP-based substrate, C100-His6, which generates Met-Abeta and AICD-His6
Abramowski, D., Wiederhold, K. Furrer, U., Jaton, A., Neuenschwander, A., Runser, M., Danner, S., Reichwald, J., Ammaturo, D., Staab, D., Stoeckli, M., Rueeger, H., Neumann, U., Staufenbiel, M. (2008) Dynamics of Ab Turnover and Deposition in Different APP Transgenic Mouse Models Following Gamma-Secretase Inhibition. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. Vol. 327(2):411-24.

Abeta40, Aß40, A-beta40, A-ß40, Abeta 40, Aß 40, Ab40, Abeta42, Aß42, A-beta42, A-ß42, Abeta 42, Aß 42, Ab42, APP, amyloid precursor protein, sAPP, sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPPa, sAPPß, APP-alpha, APP-beta, APP alpha, APP beta



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta40, Abeta42, soluble APPalpha, soluble APPbeta
Matrix tested: Transgenic mouse brain extracts, Abeta40 in human plasma, soluble APPalpha and soluble APPbeta in transgenic mouse brain extracts
Special Techniques: Formic acid extraction for peptide assays, Triton X-100 extraction for sAPP assays
Bibl, M., Lewczuk, P., Esselmann, H., Mollenhauer, B., Klafki, H.W., Welge, V., Wolf, S., Trenkwalder, C., Otto, M., Kornhuber, J., Wiltfang, J. (2008) CSF amyloid- 1-38 and 1-42 in FTD and AD: Biomarker performance critically depends on the detergent accessible fraction. Proteomics Clinical Applications. Vol. 2 (10-11): 548-1556.

Abeta38, Aß38, A-beta38, A-ß38, Abeta 38, Aß 38, Ab38



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta38 assay
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid
Björkqvist, M., Wild, E.J., Thiele, J., Silvestroni, A., Andre, R., Lahiri, N., Raibon, E., Lee, R.V., Benn, C.L., Soulet, D., Magnusson, A., Woodman, B., Landles, C., Pouladi, M.A., Hayden, M.R., Khalili-Shirazi, A., Lowdell, M.W., Brundin, P., Bates, G.P., Leavitt, B.R., Möller, T., Tabrizi, S.J. (2008) A novel pathogenic pathway of immune activation detectable before clinical onset in Huntington's disease. J Exp Med. Vol. Vol. 205(8):1869-77.

Interleukin, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL12, TNF-a, TNF-a, TNFa, TNFa, TNFalpha, Interferon, IFNg, IFNg, IFN-g, IFNgamma, IFN-g



Analytes tested using MSD assays: IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, GM-CSF
Matrix tested: Human plasma
Note: Study tests the effect of inflammation associated with Huntington's disease
Cacucci ,F., Yi M., Wills, T.J., Chapman, P., O'Keefe, J. (2008) Place cell firing correlates with memory deficits and amyloid plaque burden in Tg2576 Alzheimer mouse model. PNAS Vol. 105 (22):7863-7868.

Abeta40, Aß40, A-beta40, A-ß40, Abeta 40, Aß 40, Ab40, Abeta42, Aß42, A-beta42, A-ß42, Abeta 42, Aß 42, Ab42



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: Transgenic mouse brain extracts
Special Techniques: Guanidine hydrochloride extraction
Kadir, A., Andreasen, N., Almkvist, O., Wall, A., Forsberg, A., Engler, H., Hagman, G., Lärksäter, M., Winblad, B., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., Langström, B., Nordberg, A. (2008) Effect of phenserine treatment on brain functional activity and amyloid in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol. Vol. 63(5):621-31.

APP, amyloid precursor protein, sAPP, sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPPa, sAPPß, APP-alpha, APP-beta, APP alpha, APP beta, CSF, Abeta40, Aß40, A-beta40, A-ß40, Abeta 40, Aß 40, Ab40



Analytes tested using MSD assays: soluble APPalpha, soluble APPbeta, Abeta40
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid
Kienlen-Campard, P., Tasiaux, B., Van Hees, J., Li, M., Huysseune, S., Sato, T., Fei, J.Z., Aimoto S., Courtoy, P.J., Smith, S.O., Constantinescu, S.N., Octave, J.N. (2008) Amyloidogenic processing but not amyloid precursor protein (APP) intracellular C-terminal domain production requires a precisely oriented APP dimer assembled by transmembrane GXXXG motifs. J Biol Chem. Vol. 283(12): 7733-44.

APP, amyloid precursor protein, sAPP, sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPPa, sAPPß, APP-alpha, APP-beta, APP alpha, APP beta



Analytes tested using MSD assays: MSD soluble APPalpha, soluble APPbeta
Matrix tested: CHO cell supernatants
Note: Effect of mutations on the processing of APP by beta and gamma secretase enzymes was analyzed
Lannfelt, L., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H., Batsman, S., Ames, D., Harrison, J., Masters, C.L., Targum, S., Bush, A.I., Murdoch, R., Wilson, J., Ritchie, C.W., PBT2-201-EURO study group. (2008) Safety, efficacy, and biomarker findings of PBT2 in targeting Abeta as a modifying therapy for Alzheimer's disease: a phase IIa, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. Vol. 7(9):779-86.

Abeta40, Aβ40, A-beta40, A-β40, Abeta 40, Aβ 40, Ab40, Abeta42, Aβ42, A-beta42, A-β42, Abeta 42, Aβ 42, Ab42



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid
Note: Study is a phase II clinical trial
Lanz, TA., Salatto, C.T., Semproni, AR., Marconi, M., Brown, TM., Richter, KE., Schmidt, K., Nelson, FR., Schachter, JB., (2008) Peripheral elevation of IGF-1 fails to alter Ab clearance in multiple in vivo models. Biochemical Pharmacology. Vol. 75 (5):1093-1103.

Abeta, IGF-1, Abeta clearance, Tg2576, Tau



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Customer developed assay for embryonic myosin heavy chain (eMHC)
Matrix tested: Rat myoblast cell culture supernatants
Note: The effect of Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) on the levels of Abeta in CSF and plasma was studied in transgenic mice, rats and beagles
Lewczuk P, Wiltfang J. (2008) Neurochemical dementia diagnostics: State of the art and research perspectives. Proteomics. Vol. 8(6):1292-301.

Alzheimer's disease, Amyloid, Cerebrospinal fluid, CSF, Dementia, Tau, mild cognitive impairment



Note: In this article, the current state of the art in the field of diagnosis of different neurological dementing conditions has been reviewed together with the challenging research perspectives in this field. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers including amyloid beta peptides, phosphorylated Tau and total tau have been discussed in detail
Lloyd, E., Somera-Molina, K., Van Eldik, L.J., Watterson, D.M., Wainwright, M.S. (2008) Suppression of acute proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine upregulation by post-injury administration of a novel small molecule improves long-term neurologic outcome in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. J. Neuroinflammation. Vol. 30(5):28.

Interleukin, IL-1beta, IL-1b, IL1β, IL1b, IL6, TNF-α, TNFα, TNFa, TNF-a, TNFalpha



Analytes tested using MSD assays: MSD pro-inflammatory cytokine assays (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-alpha and CCL2)
Matrix tested: Brain extracts from mouse model of closed head injury
Note: This paper studies the effect of a therapeutic drug on traumatic brain injury
Maler, J.M, Spitzer, P., Klafki, H.W, Esselmann, H., Bib,l M., Lewczuk, .P, Kornhuber, J., Herrmann, M., Wiltfang, J. (2008) Adherence-dependent shifts in the patterns of beta-amyloid peptides secreted by human mononuclear phagocytes. Brain Behav Immun. Vol. 22(7):1044-8.

APP, amyloid precursor protein, sAPP, sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPPa, sAPPß, APP-alpha, APP-beta, APP alpha, APP beta



Analytes tested using MSD assays: soluble APPalpha, soluble APPbeta
Matrix tested: PBMC culture supernatants
Rajendran, L., Schneider, A., Schlechtingen, G., Weidlich, S., Ries, J., Braxmeier, T., Schwille, P., Schulz, J.B., Schroeder, C., Simons, M., Jennings, G., Knölker, H.J., Simons, K. (2008) Efficient inhibition of the Alzheimer's disease beta-secretase by membrane targeting. Science. Vol. 320(5875):520-3.

APP, amyloid precursor protein, sAPP, sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPPa, sAPPß, APP-alpha, APP-beta, APP alpha, APP beta, Abeta40, Aß40, A-beta40, A-ß40, Abeta 40, Aß 40, Ab40, Abeta42, Aß42, A-beta42, A-ß42, Abeta 42, Aß 42, Ab42



Analytes tested using MSD assays: soluble APPalpha, soluble APPbeta, Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: HeLa cell culture supernatants
Note: This study is tests the effectiveness of a membrane-anchored version of a beta-secretase transition-state inhibitor by linking it to a sterol moiety
Riddell, D.R., Zhou, H., Atchison, K., Warwick, H.K., Atkinson, P.J., Jefferson, J., Xu, L., Aschmies, S., Kirksey, Y., Hu, Y., Wagner, E., Parratt, A., Xu, J., Li, Z., Zaleska, M.M., Jacobsen, J.S., Pangalos, M.N., Reinhart, P.H. (2008) Impact of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) Polymorphism on Brain ApoE Levels. J Neurosci. Vol. 28(45):11445-11453.

Apolipoprotein E



Analytes tested using MSD assays: User developed assay for total ApoE and ApoE4
Matrix tested: Cell culture media and transgenic mouse brain extracts
Tran, T.A., McCoy, M.K., Sporn, M.B., Tansey, M.G. (2008) The synthetic triterpenoid CDDO-methyl ester modulates microglial activities, inhibits TNF production, and provides dopaminergic neuroprotection. J. Neuroinflammation. Vol. 5:14.

Interferon, IFNg, IFNgamma, IFN-γ, IFNγ, IFN-g, IL1b, IL-1b, Interleukin, IL1beta, IL-1β, IL1β, IL6, IL10, IL12, TNFa, TNF-a, TNFα, TNF-α, TNFalpha, KC, CXCL1



Analytes tested using MSD assays: IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, KC/CXCL1, TNF-alpha
Matrix tested: Murine microglial cell culture supernatants
von Arnim, C.A., von Einem, B., Weber, P., Wagner, M., Schwanzar, D., Spoelgen, R., Strauss, W.L., Schneckenburger, H. (2008) Impact of cholesterol level upon APP and BACE proximity and APP cleavage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. Vol. 370(2):207-12.

APP, amyloid precursor protein, sAPP, sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPPa, sAPPß, APP-alpha, APP-beta, APP alpha, APP beta



Analytes tested using MSD assays: soluble APPalpha, soluble APPbeta
Matrix tested: Human glioblastoma cell culture supernatants
Zetterberg, H., Andreasson, U., Hansson, O., Wu, G., Sankaranarayanan, S., Andersson, M.E., Buchhave, P., Londos, E., Umek, R.M., Minthon, L., Simon, A.J., Blennow, K. (2008) Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid BACE1 Activity in Incipient Alzheimer Disease. Arch Neurol. Vol. 65(8):1102-1107.

Abeta40, Aβ40, A-beta40, A-β40, Abeta 40, Aβ 40, Ab40, APP, amyloid precursor protein, sAPP, sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPPα, sAPPβ, APP-alpha, APP-beta, APP alpha, APP beta



Analytes tested using MSD assays: soluble APPalpha, soluble APPbeta, Abeta40
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid
Best, J.D., Smith, D.W., Reilly, M.A., O'Donnell, R., Lewis, H.D., Ellis, S., Wilkie, N., Rosahl, T.W., Laroque, P.A., Boussiquet-Leroux, C., Churcher, I., Atack, J.R., Harrison, T., Shearman, M.S. (2007) The Novel gamma-Secretase Inhibitor N-[cis-4-[(4- Chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-(2,5-difluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]-1,1,1- trifluoromethanesulfonamide (MRK-560) Reduces Amyloid Plaque Deposition without Evidence of Notch-Related Pathology in the Tg2576 Mouse. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. Vol. 320(2):552-8.

Abeta40, Aß40, A-beta40, A-ß40, Abeta 40, Aß 40, Ab40, Abeta42, Aß42, A-beta42, A-ß42, Abeta 42, Aß 42, Ab42



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: Transgenic mouse brain extracts
Special Techniques: Guanidine hydrochloride extraction
Bibl, M., Mollenhauer, B., Lewczuk, P., Esselmann, H., Wolf, S, Trenkwalder, C., Otto, M., Stiens G., Rüther, E., Kornhuber, J., Wiltfang, J. (2007) Validation of amyloid-beta peptides in CSF diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementias. Mol Psychiatry. Vol. 12:671-680.

Abeta38, Aß38, A-beta38, A-ß38, Abeta 38, Aß 38, Ab38



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta38
Matrix tested: Human cerebrospinal fluid
Note: This is one of the largest CSF-based biomarker investigations on Abeta peptide patterns comparing the three major degenerative dementias - Alzheimer’s disease, Lewy Body dementia and frontotemporal dementia.
Cho, S., Hu, Y. (2007) Activation of 5-HT4 receptors inhibits secretion of beta-amyloid peptides and increases neuronal survival. Exp Neurol. Vol. 203(1):274-8.

Abeta40, Aß40, A-beta40, A-ß40, Abeta 40, Aß 40, Ab40, Abeta42, Aß42, A-beta42, A-ß42, Abeta 42, Aß 42, Ab42



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: Cell culture media
Feyt, C., Pierrot, N., Tasiaux, B., Van Hees, J., Kienlen-Campard, P., Courtoy, P.J., Octave, J. (2007) Phosphorylation of APP695 at Thr668 decreases g-cleavage and extracellular Ab. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. Vol. 357:1004-1010.

APP, amyloid precursor protein, sAPP, sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPPa, sAPPß, APP-alpha, APP-beta, APP alpha, APP beta



Analytes tested using MSD assays: soluble APPalpha, soluble APPbeta
Matrix tested: CHO cell supernatants transfected with different forms of APP
Hussain, I., Hawkins, J., Harrison, D., Hille, C., Wayne, G., Cutler, L., Buck, T., Walter, D., Demont, E., Howes, C., Naylor, A., Jeffrey, P., Gonzalez, M.I., Dingwall, C., Michel, A., Redshaw, S., Davis, J.B. (2007) Oral administration of a potent and selective non-peptidic BACE-1 inhibitor decreases beta-cleavage of amyloid precursor protein and amyloid-beta production in vivo. J Neurochem. Vol. 100(3):802-9.

APP, amyloid precursor protein, sAPP, sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPPa, sAPPß, APP-alpha, APP-beta, APP alpha, APP beta



Analytes tested using MSD assays: soluble APPalpha, soluble APPbeta
Matrix tested: Transgenic mouse brain extracts
Note: This paper studies the effect of a BACE1 inhibitor on APP cleavage
Page, R.M., Baumann,K., Tomioka, M., Pérez-Revuelta, B.I., Fukumori, A., Jacobsen, H., Flohr, A., Luebbers, T., Ozmen, L., Steiner, H., Haass, C. (2007) Generation of Ab38 and Ab42 Is Independently and Differentially Affected by Familial Alzheimer Disease-associated Presenilin Mutations and gamma-Secretase Modulation. J Biol Chem. Vol. 283(2):677-683.

Abeta38, Aß38, A-beta38, A-ß38, Abeta 38, Aß 38, Ab38, Abeta40, Aß40, A-beta40, A-ß40, Abeta 40, Aß 40, Ab40, Abeta42, Aß42, A-beta42, A-ß42, Abeta 42, Aß 42, Ab42



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta38, Abeta40, Abeta42 (customer developed assays on MSD plates)
Matrix tested: Cell culture medium
Riddell, D.R., Zhou, H., Comery, T.A., Kouranova, E., Lo, C.F., Warwick, H.K., Ring, R.H., Kirksey, Y., Aschmies, S., Xu, J., Kubek, K., Hirst, W.D., Gonzales, C., Chen, Y., Murphy, E., Leonard, S., Vasylyev, D., Oganesian, A., Martone, R.L., Pangalos, M.N., Reinhart, P.H., Jacobsen, J.S. (2007) The LXR agonist TO901317 selectively lowers hippocampal Abeta42 and improves memory in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci. Vol. 34(4):621-8.

Abeta40, Aß40, A-beta40, A-ß40, Abeta 40, Aß 40, Ab40, Abeta42, Aß42, A-beta42, A-ß42, Abeta 42, Aß 42, Ab42



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: Transgenic mouse brain extracts
Special Techniques: Guanidine hydrochloride extraction
Shirotani, K., Tomioka, M., Kremmer, E., Haass, C., Steiner, H. (2007) Patholocial activity of familial Alzheimer’s disease-associated mutant presenilin can be executed by six different gamma-secretase complexes. Neurobiology of Disease Vol. 27:102-107.

Abeta40, Aß40, A-beta40, A-ß40, Abeta 40, Aß 40, Ab40, Abeta42, Aß42, A-beta42, A-ß42, Abeta 42, Aß 42, Ab42



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta40, Abeta42 (customer developed assays on MSD plates)
Matrix tested: Cell culture supernatants
Somera-Molina, K.C., Robin B., Somera, C.A., Anderson, C., Stine, C., Koh, S., Behanna, H.A., Van Eldik, L.J., Watterson, D.M., Wainwright, M.S. (2007) Glial activation links early-life seizures and long-term neurologic dysfunction: evidence using a small molecule inhibitor of proinflammatory cytokine upregulation. Epilepsia. Vol. 48(9):1785-800.

Interleukin, IL1beta, IL-1b, IL1b, IL-1ß, IL1ß, IL6, TNFalpha, TNFa, TNF-a, TNF-a, TNFa, tumor necrosis factor



Analytes tested using MSD assays:IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha
Matrix tested: Rat brain homogenates (hippocampal homogenates)
Teeling, J.L., Felton, L.M., Deacon, R.M.J., Cunningham, C., Rawlins, J.N.P., Perry V.H. (2007) Sub-pyrogenic systemic inflammation impacts on brain and behavior, independent of cytokines. Brain Behavior and Immunity. Vol. 21(6):836-50.

IL1b, IL-1b, IL-1β, IL1β, IL1beta, IL6, Interleukin



Analytes tested using MSD assays: IL-1beta, IL-6 (measured using MSD Mouse ProInflammatory 7-plex Kit)
Matrix tested: Mouse plasma and tissue homogenates
Note: This study tested whether subpyrogenic doses of LPS can cause sufficient inflammation in rodents to impact brain communication and behavior
Best, J.D., Jay, M.T., Otu, F., Churcher, I., Reilly, M., Morentin-Gutierrez, P., Pattison, C., Harrison, T., Shearman, M.S., Atack, J.R. (2006) In vivo characterization of Abeta(40) changes in brain and cerebrospinal fluid using the novel gamma-secretase inhibitor N-[cis-4-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-(2,5-difluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]-1,1,1-trifluoromethanesulfonamide (MRK-560) in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. Vol. 317(2):786-90.

Abeta40, Aß40, A-beta40, A-ß40, Abeta 40, Aß 40, Ab40



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta40
Matrix tested: Brain extracts from rats
Craft, J.M., Watterson, D. M., Van Eldik, L.J. (2006) Human amyloid beta - induced neuroinflammation is an early event in neurodegeneration. Glia. Vol. 53(5):484-490.

Interleukin, IL-1b, IL1beta, IL1b, IL-1ß, IL1ß, tumor necrosis factor, TNF-a, TNFa, TNFalpha, TNF-a, TNFa



Analytes tested using MSD assays: IL-1beta, TNF-alpha
Matrix tested: Mouse brain homogenates, mouse serum
Special Techniques: Snap-frozen mouse brain sections were homogenized in Hepes buffer with protease inhibitors by dounce and sonication
Goggi, J.L., Lewis, H.D., Mok, J., Harrison, T., Shearman, M.S., Atack, J.R., Best, J.D. (2006) A comparative assessment of g-secretase activity in transgenic and non-transgenic rodent brain. J. Neurosci Methods. Vol. 157(2): 246-252.

Abeta40, Aß40, A-beta40, A-ß40, Abeta 40, Aß 40, Ab40



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta40
Matrix tested: Mouse and rat brain extracts
Special Techniques: Frozen brain was homogenized in 10 volumes (w/v) of 0.2% diethylamine (DEA) containing 50 mM NaCl (pH 10) and protease inhibitors.
Laterza, O.F., Modur, V.R., Crimmins, D.L., Olander, J.V., Landt, Y., Lee, J., Ladenson, J.H. (2006) Identification of Novel Brain Biomarkers. Clin Chem. Vol. 52(9):1713-1721.

VLP1



Analytes tested using MSD assays: VLP-1 (customer developed assays on MSD plates)
Matrix tested: Human plasma
Note: This study was based on biomarker analysis in brain injury
Rajendran, L., Honsho, M., Zahn, T.R., Keller, P., Geiger, K.D., Verkade, P., Simons, K. (2006) Alzheimer's disease beta-amyloid peptides are released in association with exosomes. Proc National Acad of Sci USA. Vol. 103(30):11172-7.

Abeta40, Aß40, A-beta40, A-ß40, Abeta 40, Aß 40, Ab40, APP, amyloid precursor protein, sAPP, sAPPa, sAPPb, sAPPa, sAPPß, APP-alpha, APP-beta, APP alpha, APP beta



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta40, soluble APPalpha, soluble APPbeta and APP (amyloid precursor protein)
Matrix tested: Exosome fractions from mouse cell culture medium
Ranaivo, H.R., Craft,J.M., Hu, W.H., Guo, L., Wing, L.K., Van Eldik, L.J., Watterson, D.M. (2006) Glia as a Therapeutic Target: Selective Suppression of Human Amyloid-Beta Induced Upregulation of Brain Proinflammatory Cytokine Production Attenuates Neurodegeneration. J Neuroscience. Vol. 26(2):662-670.

IL1b, IL-1b, IL-1β, IL1β, IL1beta, TNF-a, TNF-α, TNFa, TNFα, TNFalpha, Interleukin



Analytes tested using MSD assays: IL-1beta, TNF-alpha
Matrix tested:Mouse serum and brain homogenates
Best, J.D., Jay, M.T., Out, F., Ma, J., Nadin, A., Ellis, S., Lewis, H.D., Pattison, C., Reilly, M., Harrison, T., Shearman, M.S., Williamson, T.L., Atack, J.R. et al. (2005) Quantitative measurement of Changes in Amyloid-beta (40) in the Rat Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid following Treatment with the gamma-Secretase Inhibitor LY-411575. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. Vol. 313(2):902-908.

Abeta40, Aß40, A-beta40, A-ß40, Abeta 40, Aß 40, Ab40



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta40 (customer developed assay on MSD avidin plate)
Matrix tested: Transgenic mouse brain extracts, rat brain extracts
Blennow, K. (2005) CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: use in early diagnosis and evaluation of drug treatment. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. Vol. 5(5):661-72.

Beta amyloid, cerebrospinal fluid, CSF, mass spectrometry, phosphorylated Tau, total Tau, proteomics, APP, ELISA, Meso Scale Discovery, Abeta



Note: In this article, the principle of detecting CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease, the different methods and techniques of detection and the rationale for using CSF biomarkers to study new drug candidates have been reviewed.
Hu, W., Ranaivo, H.R., Craft, J.M., Van Eldik, L.J., Watterson, D.M. (2005) Validation of the Neuroinflammation Cycle as a Drug Discovery Target Using Integrative Chemical Biology and Lead Compound Development with an Alzheimer's Disease-Related Mouse Model. Curr Alzheimer's Res. Vol. 2(2):197-205.

Interleukin, IL-1b, IL1beta, IL1b, IL-1ß, IL1ß, tumor necrosis factor, TNF-a, TNFa, TNFalpha, TNF-a, TNFa



Analytes tested using MSD assays: IL-1beta, TNF-alpha
Matrix tested: BV-2 mouse microglial cell culture supernatants
Wrigley, J.D., Schurov, I., Nunn, E.J., Martin, A.C., Clarke,E.E., Ellis, S., Bonnert, T.P., Shearman, M.S., Beher, D. (2005) Functional overexpression of gamma-secretase reveals protease-independent trafficking functions and a critical role of lipids for protease activity. J Biol Chem. Vol. 280(13):12523-35.

Abeta40, Aß40, A-beta40, A-ß40, Abeta 40, Aß 40, Ab40, Abeta42, Aß42, A-beta42, A-ß42, Abeta 42, Aß 42, Ab42



Analytes tested using MSD assays: Abeta40, Abeta42
Matrix tested: Cell culture supernatants

* Pub Med (www.pubmed.gov) is a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health



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